摘要:
以二、四倍体青花菜为材料,采用TTC法、离体和原位萌发法研究其花粉活力,并用正交设计法研究其结籽性。结果表明:1)TTC染色试验中四倍体与二倍体花粉可染率分别为48.6%和60.8%,差异显著。2)离体萌发试验中4X花粉在4 h时萌发率最大,达66.45%,4 h后萌发率稳定;2X在5h时萌发率最大,达69.4%,5 h后萌发率稳定;4X花粉中有大小异常的未萌发花粉,2X花粉中未发现,花粉粒大小均一。3)花粉原位萌发试验中四倍体花粉管较短并有较多异常生长现象,与二倍体杂交相比,四倍体花粉萌发不整齐,一致性较差;四倍体杂交、自交及二倍体自交等3组合花粉原位萌发结果近似,显著低于二倍体杂交组合。4)结籽性测定试验中二倍体杂交与自交组合结籽指数显著高于四倍体杂交与自交组合,经过选择,四倍体自交结籽指数2009年比2008年提高62.1%。
Abstract:
Diploid and autotetraploid broccoli plants’ pollen viabilities were studied by using TTC staining,in vitro as well as in situ germination,and their seed formation abilities by orthogonal experimentation.The results showed that: 1) the pollen TTC staining rates of the tetraploid and the diploid were 48.6% and 60.8%,respectively,which were significantly different;2) the in vitro pollen germination rate of the autotetraploid reached a maximum of 66.45% in 4h and leveled off afterward,while that of the diploid peaked at 69.4% in 5h and then leveled off;3) abnormalities were found on the size and germination of the autotetraploid pollen,while those were uniform for the diploid pollen;4) the germination rate of the autotetraploid was lower than that of the diploid broccoli,the pollen tubes of the autotetraploid grew slower with more irregularities than did the diploid broccoli,the in situ germinations of the hybrid and self-bred autotetraploid,as well as,the self-bred diploid were similar,but significantly lower than the diploid hybrids;and 5) the seed formation indices of the hybrid and self-bred diploid were significantly higher than that of the autotetraploid.Through selection process,the seed formation of self-bred autotetraploid was improved by 62.1% in 2009 from 2008.
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