摘要:
植物新品种权是知识产权的一种形式,是实施国家知识产权战略和科教兴农战略的重要组成部分,是农业科技创新的重要原动力。植物新品种保护制度也是农业知识产权保护制度最重要的组成部分,是推动农业育种创新、提高农产品国际竞争力、确保农业主权和植物遗传资源安全的重要制度保障。因此,开展对植物新品种保护的研究,对我国农业科技的保护和发展具有重要的现实意义。利用水稻新品种保护和品种推广的数据,分析了目前我国水稻育种中存在的遗传基础狭窄、种质资源利用水平不高、育成品种大多在低水平上重复、企业参与育种创新动力不足等主要问题。针对这些问题以及面临的巨大挑战,剖析产生的原因,在借鉴国际育种创新模式和发达国家先进管理经验的基础上,提出了激励水稻育种创新的主要对策和措施。
关键词:
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水稻 /
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育种创新 /
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对策 /
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新品种保护
Abstract:
Securing patent on a newly bred plant is another approach in protecting intellectual property rights.It is a basic and essential national strategy to protect its agricultural and scientific discoveries.The system would promote innovation in plant breeding,improve competitiveness on the international market,as well as safeguard natural resources on germplasms.Patent protection on new plant varieties was seen especially important to encourage breeders in developing new varieties that could benefit the agriculture and forestry business.Through using the information relating to rice,this article discusses the problems encountered in the past and the reasons behind them on rice breeding research in China.Shortcomings,such as limited genetic basis,low utilization of idioplasmatic resources,redundant low-level breeding practices,insufficient incentive for business to participate,etc.were evident.Based on the prior research and managerial experiences of developed countries,some countermeasures and strategies to stimulate innovation on rice breeding are suggested.
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