摘要:
以特优63为材料,研究了杂交水稻氮钾素吸收积累特性及氮素营养诊断。结果表明,N、K养分吸收积累总量与施肥量的平方根值呈线性相关。随施肥量提高,化肥养分吸收量增加,但当季吸收利用率降低。N素积累中心抽穗前为叶片和茎鞘,抽穗后为穗。抽穗后叶片有55%左右、茎鞘有40%左右的氮化物分解转运入穗,对籽粒充实的表观转变率达90%左右。K素积累中心为茎鞘,积累占全株70%左右的K素。抽穗后叶片有34%~40%的K素转运到穗部和茎鞘,表观转变率80%左右。在高产栽培条件下,每生产100 kg稻谷最高施N、K肥量分别为2 kg和2.72 kg,经济施N、K肥量分别为1.75 kg和1.25 kg。杂交稻对N肥更敏感,而较耐低K和高K。生产上宜推荐最高施N肥和经济施K肥。各生育期的叶片干重随施N量的提高而增加。在分蘖期和苞分化期,茎鞘干重也随施N量的提高而增加,但从减数分裂期起,茎鞘重和穗重都与施N量呈抛物线型相关。
关键词:
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杂交稻 /
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氮 /
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钾 /
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吸收积累 /
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氮素营养诊断
Abstract:
Using Teyou 63, the absorption and accumulation characteristics of N and K, as well as the N nutrition of the hybrid rice were studied. The results showed that there was a linear correlation between the total nutrient absorption and accumulation of N, and K2O and the square root of fertilizer application rate. With the increased fertilizer application rate, the nutrient uptake also increased. However, the nutrient utilization efficiency was reduced. Before the rice-heading started, the N accumulation centers were in the leaves and stem-sheath. After the heading, the center moved to the ears. After the heading, about 55% of N in the leaves and about 40% of N in the stem-sheath transported to the ears. The apparent transporting rate of the grain-filling was about 90%. The K accumulation centers were in the stems and sheaths, storing about 70% of K for the entire plant. After the heading, 34% to 40% of the K transported into the ears and the stem-sheath, with an apparent transporting rate of about 80%. In high yield cultivation, the highest N and K2O application rates were 2 kg and 2.72 kg, respectively, for every 100 kg of grain yield. The economic N and K2O application rates were 1.75 kg and 1.25 kg, respectively. The hybrid rice was more sensitive to N fertilization, and more resistant to low or high K than the other nutrients. The highest N application rate and economic K application rate should be recommended for the rice production. During each growth period, the leaf dry matter weight increased with N application. At the tillering stage and bud differentiation stage, the dry matter weight of stem-sheath also increased with N application. But from meiosis, both the stem-sheath weight and ear weight had parabolic correlation with N application. Therefore, the N nutrition was further studied. The N content in the leaves of high yield rice at different growth and development phases of the hybrid rice was determined. Each growth period and leaf positions at different N application rates had a certain color level and color difference among them, which provided an index for the N nutrition diagnosis.
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