梨火疫病抗性评价体系的建立及其种质资源抗性鉴定

刘振亚; 苏宣乐; 唐丽; 雷晨浩; 李亚鹏; 但红侠; 张王斌

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.05.013

梨火疫病抗性评价体系的建立及其种质资源抗性鉴定

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.05.013

塔里木大学/南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室/南疆农业有害生物综合治理兵团重点实验室/农业农村部阿拉尔作物有害生物科学观测实验站，新疆　阿拉尔　843300

基金项目: 新疆生产建设兵团财政科技计划项目（2018AB038)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘振亚（1987 —），男，硕士，高级实验师，主要从事植物病理学研究，E-mail：1319737595@qq.com

通讯作者:
张王斌（1974 — ），男，硕士，教授，主要从事植物病理学研究，E-mail：zwbzky@163.com

中图分类号: S436.612.1
计量
- 文章访问数: 85
- HTML全文浏览量: 42
- PDF下载量: 10
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-26
- 修回日期: 2023-09-22
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-26
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-28

An Evaluation Protocol for Fire Blight Resistance of Pear Cultivars

Tarim University/The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Comprehensive Agricultural Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Alar, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Alar, Xinjiang　843300, China

摘要

摘要: 目的利用梨幼果建立梨火疫病（Erwinia amylovora）抗性资源评价体系，筛选出对梨火疫病具有抗性的材料，为抗病育种提供技术支撑。方法以36个梨品种和41个库尔勒香梨杂交后代为材料，利用人工接种的方式对幼果期、膨大期和成熟期的果实进行接种试验，并根据接种后致病力的强弱，制定梨品种（种质）的抗性分级指标，综合评价77份种质资源的抗病水平。结果与梨果实膨大期和成熟期相比，接种幼果期果实更能准确评估梨品种（种质）的抗性水平；在接种24 h后，梨幼果开始显症；77个品种（种质）对梨火疫病的抗性水平差异显著，高感品种（种质）13个，感病品种（种质）11个，中感品种（种质）27个，抗病品种（种质）26个；供试品种（种质）对梨火疫病的抗性不高，其中只有33.77%的品种（种质）表现抗病性，66.23%的品种（种质）不同程度感病。结论本研究建立以梨果实的幼果期为接种时期，在接种24 h时开始观察发病情况的梨火疫病抗性资源评价体系；从供试品种（种质）筛选出的26份材料达到抗性水平，为培育新的抗性品种提供参考。
- 梨 /
- 库尔勒香梨 /
- 杂交后代 /
- 梨火疫病 /
- 抗性 /
- 评价
Abstract: Objective A simple method to evaluate the fire blight disease resistance of pear cultivars was developed. Method Fruits of 77 pear germplasms, including 36 cultivars and 41 hybrid progenies of Korla fragrant pear, were artificially infected with Erwinia amylovora at young, expansion, and ripening stages to examine the pathogenic responses. A protocol for grading the disease resistance of the germplasms was proposed. Results It appeared that, 24 h after an artificial E. amylovora inoculation, the fruits at young stage more than at expansion or ripening stage displayed symptoms sufficient for an effective assessment of the resistance of the pear plants. Using the method, significant variations on the disease resistance were observed on the 77 germplasms. Of the cultivars, 13 were shown to be highly susceptible to the infection, 11 susceptible, 27 moderately susceptible, and 26 resistant (i.e., 33.77% of the total). Conclusion The system to evaluate and determine the resistance of a pear cultivar to fire blight was developed. It was based on the response of the young fruits to a pathogenic inoculation with E. amylovora. In 24 h after the artificial infection on the fruits, 26 of the 77 sampled germplasms were determined to be resistant to the disease and could be used for breeding purposes.
- pear /
- Korla fragrant pear /
- hybrid progenies /
- Erwinia amylovora /
- resistance /
- evaluation

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图 1 梨果实不同生育期的病情指数

Figure 1. Disease indicators on pears at various growth stages

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表 1 供试梨品种和库尔勒香梨杂交后代

Table 1. Selected pear cultivars and hybrid progenies of Korla fragrant pear for testing

种类 Species	数量 Number	名称 Name
栽培品种 Cultivated varieties	36	库尔勒香梨、新梨七号、小水晶、矮化梨、水晶、晚秀、黄花、绿云、雪英、洋梨、早生黄金、新高、新世纪、杜梨、雅青、华山、杂交梨、鸭梨、元黄、黄冠、踏青、抗青、爱宕、巴梨、市水、琥珀、西子绿、学峰、翠玉、天皇、玛瑙、砀山梨、考密斯、改接、甘泉、南水
库尔勒香梨杂交后代 Hybrid progenies of Korla fragrant pear	41	85-4-2、85-8-37、84-22-1、85-2-16诱变、84-17-1、84-13-2、84-21-1、85-2-16、85-2-23、85-8-16、85-10-10诱变、85-10-2、84-13-5、84-8-2、85-10-7、85-9-6、84-8-1、85-13-7、85-6-18、85-16-2、85-15-9、85-8-6、85-14-2、85-7-1、85-9-7、84-14-1、85-12-12、85-12-19、85-10-10、85-8-3、85-7-5、85-18-17、85-12-21、85-16-4、85-12-18、85-8-15、85-14-4、85-15-10、85-12-24、85-8-18、85-8-13

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表 2 供试梨品种和库尔勒香梨杂交后代在不同时间点的病情指数

Table 2. Disease indicators on pear cultivars and hybrid progenies of Korla fragrant pear at different sampling times

接种后时间 Hours post inoculation/h	新梨七号 Xinli No.7	库尔勒香梨 Korla fragrant pear	84-17-1
24	2.42±0.34 d	1.87±0.5 d	0 d
36	25.70±0.95 c	20.86±2.20 c	18.56±3.29 c
48	50.45±2.24 b	31.33±2.62 b	52.39±1.90 b
60	59.30±1.98 a	71.61±2.11 a	62.61±2.01 a
同列数据后不同小写字母表示同一品种不同时间之间差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences at different times at P＜0.05.

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表 3 不同梨品种的抗病性分级

Table 3. Disease resistance classifications of pear varieties

梨品种 Pear varieties	病情指数 Disease indexes(50 h)	抗性级别 Resistance levels	梨品种 Pear varieties	病情指数 Disease indexes(50 h)	抗性级别 Resistance levels
水晶 Crystal pear	65.52±2.61 a	HS	早生黄金 Zaoshenghuangjin	21.84±0.56 l	MS
矮化梨 Pyrus communis L.	62.56±2.03 b	HS	杜梨Pyrus betulifolia Bunge	21.87±0.71 l	MS
新梨七号 Xinli No.7	57.68±1.93 c	HS	新世纪 Xinshiji	21.87±0.83 l	MS
小水晶（小宋） Crystal(Xiaosong)	50.10±0.99 d	HS	洋梨 Eurapean pears	20.85±0.75 m	MS
库尔勒香梨 Korla fragrant pear	35.72±2.09 e	S	南水 Nanshui	18.76±0.55 n	R
雪英 Xueying	34.37±2.09 f	S	甘泉 Ganquan	18.22±0.52 o	R
绿云 Lvyun	34.17±2.97 f	S	改接 Gaijie	17.82±0.59 p	R
黄花 Huanghua	31.28±2.04 g	S	考密斯 Comice	16.68±0.57 q	R
晚秀 Wanxiu	30.73±0.54 h	S	砀山梨 Dangshan pear	15.87±0.87 r	R
踏青 Taqing	28.18±0.55 i	MS	雪峰 Xuefeng	15.63±0.68 rs	R
鸭梨 Yali	25.07±0.40 j	MS	玛瑙 Manao	15.59±0.38 s	R
华山 Huashan	25.09±0.24 j	MS	翠玉 Cuiyu	14.27±0.23 t	R
杂交梨 Crossbred pear	25.06±0.47 j	MS	天皇 Tianhuang	14.38±0.26 t	R
黄冠 Huangguan	25.07±0.19 j	MS	西子绿 Xizilv	11.24±0.17 u	R
抗青 Kangqing	25.07±0.13 j	MS	琥珀 Hupo	9.95±0.86 v	R
元黄 Yuanhuang	25.06±0.23 j	MS	市水 Shishui	5.00±0.12 w	R
雅青 Yaqing	24.64±0.46 k	MS	巴梨 Bartlett pear	4.78±0.37 w	R
新高 Xingao	21.77±0.39 l	MS	爱宕 Aidang	2.81±0.80 x	R
同列数据后不同小写字母表示各品种之间差异显著（P＜0.05 ）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences between different varieties at P＜0.05.

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表 4 不同库尔勒香梨杂交后代的抗病性分级

Table 4. Disease resistance classifications of hybrid progenies of Korla fragrant pear

库尔勒香梨杂交后代 Hybrid progenies of Korla fragrant pear	病情指数 Disease indexes (50 h)	抗性级别 Resistance levels
85-4-2	72.66±3.31 a	HS
85-8-37	67.51±3.02 b	HS
84-22-1	61.48±3.53 c	HS
85-2-16诱变	52.25±2.03 d	HS
84-17-1	52.23±1.96 d	HS
84-13-2	48.60±2.02 e	HS
84-21-1	46.44±2.08 f	HS
85-2-16	41.65±2.97 g	HS
85-2-23	40.64±2.03 h	HS
85-8-16	37.52±3.05 i	S
85-10-10诱变	35.01±2.22 j	S
85-10-2	35.06±1.96 j	S
84-13-5	33.53±2.22 k	S
84-8-2	31.27±2.04 l	S
85-10-7	30.56±2.04 m	S
85-9-6	28.22±2.11 n	MS
84-8-1	25.21±2.10 o	MS
85-13-7	25.09±1.08 o	MS
85-6-18	25.10±1.07 o	MS
85-16-2	25.10±0.99 o	MS
85-15-9	25.11±1.02 o	MS
85-8-6	22.27±1.03 p	MS
85-14-2	22.28±1.04 p	MS
85-7-1	22.22±1.01 pq	MS
85-9-7	22.23±1.97 pq	MS
85-8-15	22.21±1.98 pq	MS
84-14-1	22.23±1.51 pq	MS
85-12-12	21.92±1.40 q	MS
85-12-19	21.45±1.51 r	MS
85-10-10	18.80±1.05 s	R
85-8-3	17.89±1.04 t	R
85-7-5	17.86±1.29 t	R
85-18-17	15.93±1.21 u	R
85-16-4	14.26±1.19 v	R
85-12-21	12.48±0.98 w	R
85-14-4	12.50±0.98 w	R
85-8-18	12.51±1.19 w	R
85-12-18	12.50±1.21 w	R
85-8-13	10.72±0.73 x	R
85-15-10	9.36±0.47 y	R
85-12-24	6.25±0.18 z	R
同列数据后不同小写字母表示库尔勒香梨杂交后代之间差异显著（P＜0.05 ）。 Data with different lowercase letters on same column indicate significant differences between different hybrid progenies of Korla fragrant pear at P＜0.05.

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