Five Traits Affected by Breeding of Indica-Japonica Hybrids
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摘要:
目的 水稻籼粳亚种间杂交具有强大的杂种优势已成为当前水稻育种关注的焦点,本研究旨在为籼粳交水稻育种实践以及水稻关键性状的遗传研究提供理论依据。 方法 按照NC-II不完全双列杂交方式,选择14个亲本材料并配组48个杂交组合,采用植物数量性状的加性-显性遗传模型(A-D模型)分析生育期、株高与粒形相关性状等共计5个农艺性状的遗传效应、杂种优势及性状之间的相关性。 结果 籼粳亚种间杂交稻生育期、株高、粒长、粒宽及长宽比等的加性方差分量占遗传主效应比率(VA/VP)比值分别为69.2%、74.2%、58.9%、66.0%和63.5%。广义遗传率(H2B)和狭义遗传率(H2N)的变幅分别为59.0%~99.6%和69.2%~98.9%,均达显著或极显著水平,主要受加性效应控制,且受环境影响小,在育种上早期选择有效。大多数的籼粳亚种间杂种一代的生育期、株高和粒形性状均呈负向中亲优势和负向超亲优势,杂交后代的生育期缩短、株高降低,长宽比介于双亲之间。籼粳亚种间杂交稻生育期是一个独立遗传的品种特性,株高与粒形具呈显著正相关。 结论 在籼粳交育种上应关注生育期、株高,粒形等性状间的协调,有效利用杂种优势,培育强优势亚种间杂交稻新组合。 Abstract:Objective Genetic improvement on 5 traits of rice through heterosis by hybridizing Indica-Japonica was analyzed. Method Following the NC-II incomplete diallel hybridization protocol, 14 rice parents and 48 hybrid combinations were generated for the analysis. Genetics, heterosis, and correlations of growth period, plant height, spikelet length, spikelet width, and spikelet length-width ratio of the varieties were evaluated according to the additive and dominant genetic effects. Result The ratios of additive variance component to phenotypic variance (VA/VP) on the growth period, plant height, spikelet length, spikelet width, and spikelet length-width ratio of the rice were 69.2%, 74.2%, 58.9%, 66.0%, and 63.5%, respectively. The variations of broad-sense heritability (H2B) and narrow-sense heritability (H2N) were 59.0%–99.6% and 69.2%–98.9%, respectively, at significant or extremely significant level. The traits were largely controlled by additive effects, little by environmental factors, and only effective for early generation selection in breeding practice. The growth period, plant height, spikelet length, pikelet width, and spikelet length-width ratio of most combinations displayed a heterosis of both negative intermediate and super parent hybrid vigor. The growth period of the hybrids was shortened, the plant height reduced, and the spikelet length-width ratio in between two parents. The growth period was an independent genetic trait, while the plant height somewhat positively correlated with the grain shape. Conclusion In breeding Indica-Japonicahybrids, balancing the benefits gained on the growth period, plant height, grain shape, and other traits through heterosis needed be carefully considered. -
Key words:
- rice /
- Indica-Japonica /
- growth period /
- plant height /
- grain shape /
- genetic effect
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表 1 8个两系不育系的程式指数分类情况
Table 1. Cheng’s index on morphological traits of 8 two-line sterile rice lines
不育系
Sterile line稃毛
Spikelet hair酚反应
Spikelet phenol reaction穗轴1~2节长
1–2 internodes
of panicle抽穗时壳色
Spikelet color叶毛
Leaf hair谷粒长宽比
Grain length to
width ratio程氏指数
Index籼粳属性
Indica japonica
attribute珍 S
Zhen S1 4 3 4 2 0 14 偏粳
Japonicaclinou银1 S
Yin-1 S2 2 3 4 1 1 13 偏籼
IndicaclinouCS602 2 4 3 4 2 1 16 偏粳
JaponicaclinouCS603 2 4 3 4 1 1 15 偏粳
JaponicaclinouCS604 2 4 3 4 2 1 16 偏粳
JaponicaclinouCS605 2 4 3 4 1 0 14 偏粳
JaponicaclinouCS606 0 2 2 2 3 0 9 偏籼
Indicaclinou隆科638S
Longke-638 S0 1 2 2 2 1 8 籼
Indica9311(CK1) 1 1 0 0 2 2 6 籼
Indica日本晴
Nipponbare(CK2)4 4 1 4 4 3 20 粳
Japonica程氏指数0~8为籼,9~13为偏籼,14~17为偏粳,18~24为粳。
Index 0–8: indica; Index 9–13: indicaclinou; Index 14–17: japonicaclinou; Index 18–24: japonica.表 2 5个性状遗传方差组成及遗传率
Table 2. Genetic variance components and heritability of 5 traits
性状
Character加性方差
VA显性
方差
VD剩余
方差
VE表型方差
VP加性方差
比率
VA/VP显性方差
比率
VD/VP剩余方差
比率
VE/VP广义
遗传率
H2B狭义
遗传率
H2N生育期
Growth period33.793* 14.839* 0.173* 48.807* 0.692* 0.304** 0.004** 0.996** 0.692** 株高
Plant height171.428** 57.046** 2.388** 230.861** 0.742** 0.247** 0.010** 0.742** 0.989** 颖花长
Spikelet length0.095* 0.064* 0.002+ 0.161** 0.589** 0.398** 0.0122 +0.590** 0.988* 颖花宽
Spikelet width0.008** 0.004** 0.0002 *0.127** 0.660** 0.323** 0.016* 0.660** 0.984** 颖花长宽比
Spikelet length-width ratio0.028** 0.016** 0.001* 0.045** 0.635** 0.352** 0.013* 0.635** 0.987** +、*和**分别表示差异达到 0.10、0.05 和 0.01 显著水平。下同。
+, * and **: Significant differences at 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels, respectively. Same for below.表 3 6个恢复系及8个不育系的生育期、株高与粒形性状的加性效应预测值
Table 3. Predicted additive effects on 5 traits of 8 two-line sterile rice lines and 6 restorer lines
亲本
Parents生育期
Growth period株高
Plant height颖花长
Spikelet length颖花宽
Spikelet width颖花长宽比
Spikelet length-width ratioCP1 3.232** 11.536** 0.065** 0.064** −0.061** CP2 1.726** 3.642** 0.292** 0.020** 0.105** CP3 0.500** 8.053** 0.061** 0.014** 0.003+ CP4 2.646** 14.006** 0.160** −0.038** 0.139** CP5 2.587** 9.991** 0.109** −0.080** 0.182** CP6 3.845** 9.554** 0.129** −0.077** 0.186** 珍S
Zhen S−7.344** −5.541** 0.079* 0.104** 0.031* 银1S
Yin-1 S−8.315** −11.347** −0.491** −0.067** −0.140** CS602 2.290** −4.644** −0.273** −0.049** −0.059** CS603 0.020 −9.169** −0.225** −0.033** −0.062** CS604 −1.024** −9.625** −0.091** −0.026** −0.006 CS605 −2.251** −8.145** 0.094** 0.045** −0.022 CS606 −3.476** −9.501** 0.237** 0.118** −0.073** 隆科638S
Longke-638 S5.565** 1.188 −0.147** 0.005* −0.221** 表 4 48个杂种一代5个农艺性状的显性效应预测值
Table 4. Predicted dominant effects of 5 traits of 48 hybrids
组合
Combination生育期
Growth period株高
Plant height颖花长
Spikelet length颖花宽
Spikelet width颖花长宽比
Spikelet length-width ratio珍S/CP1
Zhen S/ CP1−0.940* 9.820** 0.015 0.058** −0.091* 银1S/CP1
Yin-1 S/CP10.638* −7.293** −0.287** −0.060** −0.052* CS602/CP1 −0.639* 8.726* 0.156** −0.014 0.084** CS603/CP1 0.627* 0.401 0.030 0.027 −0.033 CS604/CP1 1.546** 7.430** 0.023 0.027** −0.035+ CS605/CP1 1.513** −3.332** −0.059** −0.007 −0.022 CS606/CP1 −4.102** −0.534 −0.206** −0.005+ −0.076** 隆科638S/CP1
Long ke-638 S/CP12.980** 10.927** 0.106+ 0.078** −0.054* 珍S/CP2
Zhen S/ CP20.641 15.419** 0.019 0.212** −0.313** 银1S /CP2
Yin-1 S/CP2−0.575* −0.090 −0.147* −0.053* 0.022+ CS602/CP2 0.049 1.938 0.105* 0.085** −0.078** CS603/CP2 −4.987** −2.163 0.034* 0.013* −0.005 CS604/CP2 1.187** −0.825 0.016 0.010 −0.003 CS605/CP2 1.190** 4.846* −0.084* −0.020* −0.006 CS606/CP2 −4.985** 1.943 −0.261** −0.022* −0.081** 隆科638S/CP2
Longke-638 S/CP20.993* −10.935** 0.004 −0.146** 0.215** 珍S /CP3
Zhen S/ CP3−1.553* −2.429** −0.340* −0.025* −0.121* 银1S /CP3
Yin-1 S/CP32.238** −3.276* −0.165* −0.043* −0.008 CS602/CP3 0.811+ 5.151+ −0.306** −0.087** −0.007 CS603/CP3 0.087 6.365* −0.112* 0.053* −0.136* CS604/CP3 0.786* 7.294** −0.222* −0.041** −0.042 CS605/CP3 −1.969** 0.590 −0.018 −0.040* 0.050 CS606 /CP3 2.529* −1.768 −0.103 0.049+ −0.113* 隆科638S /CP3
Longke-638 S/CP3−11.767* 4.928 * 0.114 0.027 0.011** 珍S/CP4
Zhen S/ CP4−3.244** −3.248** −0.263** 0.002 −0.135** 银1S /CP4
Yin-1 S/CP4−4.864** 3.518* −0.297* 0.097* −0.293** CS602/CP4 −4.408** 8.181** −0.169** −0.041** −0.010 CS603/CP4 3.402** 5.340+ −0.138+ −0.068* 0.044** CS604/CP4 −0.768* −2.920+ −0.170* −0.061+ 0.016 CS605/CP4 1.423** 12.050** −0.036 −0.030 0.021 CS606/CP4 1.169** −1.162* −0.066+ 0.033** −0.082* 隆科638S/CP4
Longke-638 S/CP48.933** 3.251+ −0.010 0.026* −0.061* 珍S/CP5
Zhen S/ CP5−5.614** 2.291+ −0.162+ −0.043* −0.010 银1S /CP5
Yin-1 S/CP5−9.496** 11.312** −0.347* −0.021+ −0.140* CS602/CP5 1.646** 3.730* −0.121* −0.060** 0.052+ CS603/CP5 −0.407+ 2.944 0.043* −0.019 0.059* CS604/CP5 1.329* −0.391 −0.010 −0.019+ 0.027 CS605/CP5 3.828** 7.091* −0.130** −0.087** 0.073** CS606/CP5 3.196** 6.381* −0.101* 0.031* −0.108* 隆科638S/CP5
Longke-638 S/CP59.480** 7.371* 0.064* 0.075* −0.101** 珍S/CP6
Zhen S/ CP6−0.204 1.532 −0.249** −0.068** −0.003 银1S /CP6
Yin-1 S/CP6−5.610** −0.373 −0.327* −0.104* 0.013 CS602/CP6 −2.373** 0.803 0.038+ −0.013 0.044** CS603/CP6 −0.762** 2.082 −0.021 −0.055** 0.088* CS604/CP6 2.418** 4.349* 0.042 0.072* −0.09* CS605/CP6 3.363** −1.242 −0.176** −0.115** 0.102** CS606/CP6 1.936** 7.310** −0.148* −0.001 −0.076** 隆科638S/CP6
Long ke-638 S/CP67.307** 7.995** −0.194* 0.010 −0.127* 变幅 Amount range −11.767~9.480 −10.935~15.419 −0.347~0.156 −0.146~0.212 −0.313~0.215 正向效应组合数
Positive combinations28(24) 32(20) 15(5) 19(13) 16(8) 负向效应组合数
Negative combinations20(18) 16(7) 33(24) 29(19) 32(20) 括号内数字为差异显著水平大于0.10的组合数。表5同。
Data in parentheses represent number of combinations with significant differences over 0.10. Same for Table5.表 5 5个性状的群体平均优势(Hpm)和超亲优势(Hbp)预测值
Table 5. Hpm and Hbp predicted values of 5 characters in 48 combinations
杂种优势
Heterosis组合
Combination生育期
Growth period株高
Plant height颖花长
Spikelet length颖花宽
Spikelet width颖花长宽比
Spikelet length-width ratio群体平均优势
(Hpm)变幅
Amount range−0.137~0.145 −0.039~0.281 −0.135~0.123 −0.119~0.123 −0.180~0.050 平均值
Average−0.005 0.120** −0.065** −0.017** −0.048** 正向组合数
Positive combinations23(0) 47(2) 3(0) 7(0) 1(0) 正向平均值
Average0.051 0.119 0.053 0.026 0.019 负向组合数
Negative combinations25(1) 1(0) 45(1) 41(4) 47(3) 负向平均值
Average−0.048 −0.039 −0.067 −0.038 −0.059 超亲优势预测值
(Hbp)变幅
Amount range−0.239~0.139 −0.237~0.118 −0.239~-0.038 −0.200~0.107 −0.233~0.026 平均值
Average−0.075** −0.078** −0.127** −0.055** −0.124** 正向组合数
Positive combinations5(1) 11(3) 0 7(4) 1(1) 正向平均值
Average0.086 0.033 0 0.028 0.026 负向组合数
Negative combinations43(0) 37(3) 48(0) 41(37) 47(46) 负向平均值
Average−0.094 −0.104 −0.060 −0.069 −0.125 表 6 杂种一代生育期、株高和粒形性状表型、遗传、加性与显性相关性分析
Table 6. Correlations between phenotypic, genetic, additive and dominate effects and growth period, plant height, and grain shape of 48 hybrids
性状
Character生育期
Growth period株高
Plant height颖花长
Spikelet length颖花宽
Spikelet width颖花长宽比
Spikelet length-width ratio生育期
Growth period0.228+ 0.086+ 0.029 0.093 0.025 0.074 0.011 0.043 株高
Plant height0.147+ 0.173+ 0.044+ 0.223+ 0.136+ 0.099* 0.068+ 0.125+ 颖花长
Spikelet length0.077+ 0.054* 0.056 0.208* 0.076+ 0.051* 0.359 0.239+ 颖花宽
Spikelet width0.009+ 0.013* 0.038 0.101+ 0.017 0.016* 0.080+ 0.446 颖花长宽比
Spikelet length-width ratio0.074 0.087+ 0.215* 0.051 0.072 0.082+ 0.211+ 0.123+ 右上角为加性(上)、显性(下)相关系数,左下角为表型(上)、遗传(下)相关系数;+、*和**分别表示差异达到 0.10、0.05和0.01显著水平。
On upper right corner, additive (up) and dominant (down) correlation coefficients; on lower left corner, phenotypic (up) and genetic (down) correlation coefficients ; +, * and ** represent significant differences at 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels, respectively. -
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