摘要:
为通过杂交育种解决南日鲍种质退化问题以促进鲍养殖效益,分别选取2012年10月份开展的南日鲍(♀)与皱纹盘鲍大连群体(♂)、盘鲍日本群体(♂)杂交所得的苗种以及南日鲍自交所得的3种苗种,于2013年3月份在海区水质情况良好的同一渔排吊笼养殖进行对比试验,试验分为3组,每组2 500个鲍苗,试验390d左右,观察它们的生长情况,测定鲍的体长、体重,分别统计每组鲍的数量。结果表明:分苗前,杂交鲍苗的生长速度、度夏养殖成活率均显著高于自交所得鲍苗(P<0.05);而南日鲍(♀)×盘鲍(♂)杂交所得鲍苗的生长速度和养殖成活率略高于南日鲍(♀)×皱纹盘鲍(♂),但差异不显著(P>0.05);当年秋季分苗后,养殖鲍的生长速度和养殖成活率依次为:南日鲍(♀)×盘鲍(♂)>南日鲍(♀)×皱纹盘鲍(♂)>南日鲍(♀)×南日鲍(♂),且3组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。说明在鲍养殖生产中,采用杂交育种改良和优化鲍种质是切实可行的,可显著提高鲍的生长速度和养殖成活率。
关键词:
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南日鲍 /
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皱纹盘鲍 /
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盘鲍 /
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杂交 /
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生长
Abstract:
In order to solve genetic degradation of Haliotis discus nanri,a 390 dfeeding trial was conducted to evaluate growth rate and survival rate of three juvenile hybrid abalones(H.discus nanri♀ ×H.discus hannai♂;H.discus nanri♀ × H.discus discus♂;H.discus nanri♀ × H.discus nanri♂)under marine cage culture condition in March 2013.Three hybrid abalones came from artificial rearing condition in October 2012,each treatment stocked with 2 500 juvenile abalones.The results showed that the growth rate and survival rate of oversummering of H.discus nanri♀×H.discus hannai♂and H.discus nanri♀×H.discus discus♂were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of H.discus nanri♀ ×H.discus nanri♂before separate fries.The growth rate and survival rate were not significantly different(P>0.05)between H.discus nanri♀ × H.discus hannai♂and H.discus nanri♀×H.discus discus♂.The decreasing order of growth rate and survival rate of three abalones was H.discus nanri♀×H.discus discus♂>H.discus nanri♀ ×H.discus hannai♂>H.discus nanri♀ ×H.discus nanri♂after separate fries.There were significant differences(P <0.05)among three hybrid abalones.In conclusion,it is possible to solve genetic degradation of Haliotis discus nanri by cross breeding in abalone culture.The cross breeding technique was important to maximize growth rate and survival rate of abalones.
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