Effect of Various Fertilizers on Growth of Elephantopus scaber Linn Intercropped in Forest
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摘要: 人工种植地胆草主要施肥技术是在定植1个月后撤施一定量的复合肥。为了研究不同施肥处理对人工栽培地胆草生长的影响,以不施肥处理为对照,比较分析了施用沼液肥、复合肥、有机肥几种处理下地胆草主要的生长及产量指标。试验结果:施肥可有效提高地胆草的株高、叶片数、叶片长宽、根长、全草产量、根头产量、根冠比等生长与产量指标,3个施肥处理的全草产量、根头产量均比不施肥处理的高1倍以上,从各个生长指标综合来看,地胆草生长高峰期主要出现在5~8月份。结果表明施肥是促进地胆草生长及产量提高的直接而有效的办法,施肥重点时期在5~8月份。施用沼液肥处理的整体表现优于复合肥处理和有机肥,说明在同等条件下,施用沼液肥更有利于人工栽培地胆草的生长。Abstract: Effect of various fertilizers for the intercropped Elephantopus scaber Linn in forest on the growth performance of the grass was studied. Major growth and yield indices of the turf with or without the application of a biogas fertilizer, a compound fertilizer or organic manure were compared. The results showed that the fertilization one month after planting effectively increased the plant height, leaf count, leaf length, leaf width, root length, total yield, root yield, root/shoot ratio, and other growth and yield indices of the grass. It doubled the total yield as compared to control. Consequently, fertilization could be a direct and effective way to promote the growth and yield of E. scaber. The application was best implemented from May to August when the peak growth of the grass occurred. The biogas slurry appeared to perform better overall and was more conducive to the grass-intercropping than the other fertilizers tested.
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表 1 试验地土壤养分
Table 1. Nutrients in soil
土层
/cmpH 有机质/
(g·kg-1)全氮/
(g·kg-1)有效磷/
(mg·kg-1)速效钾/
(mg·kg-1)硝态氮/
(mg·kg-1)氨态氮/
(mg·kg-1)0~20 4.56 12.35 0.59 35.38 51.34 3.05 2.89 20~40 4.43 9.81 0.51 30.95 44.69 1.64 0.94 表 2 施用不同肥料对橡胶林下间作胆草株高、叶片数、叶片长度和叶片宽度的影响
Table 2. Plant heights, leaf counts, leaf lengths and leaf widths of E. scaber under various fertilizations
项目 株高
/cm叶片
/片叶片长均值
/cm叶片宽均值
/cm空白 58.74bB 29.8bB 21.34bB 5.22bA 沼液肥 81.72aA 44.2aA 25.64aA 5.74abA 复合肥 82.42aA 44.8aA 22.84aA 5.92aA 有机肥 79.12aA 42.6aA 22.34aA 5.42abA 注:表中不同小写字母表示各处理间差异达5%显著水平,不同大写字母表示差异达1%极显著水平。下表同。 表 3 施用不同肥料对橡胶林下间作地胆草全草生物量的影响
Table 3. Total biomasses of E. scaber intercropped under rubber trees with various fertilizations
项目 根长
/cm相对值
/%全草产量
/(kg·km-2)相对值
/%根头产量
/(kg·km-2)相对值
/%根冠比
/%空白 23.31Cc 100.0 5268Cc 100.0 459.3Cc 100.0 9.5 沼液肥 28.23Aa 121.1 9937.5Aa 188.6 1027.7Aa 223.7 11.5 复合肥 25.81Bb 110.7 9346.5Bb 177.4 957.2Bb 208.4 11.4 有机肥 27.74Bb 119.0 9424.5Bb 178.9 961.8Bb 209.4 11.3 -
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