Water Consumption by Transpiration of Landscape Trees in Beijing
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摘要: 采用盆栽称重法研究白皮松、白蜡、银杏、山桃、枸杞的蒸腾耗水特性。结果表明:5种树种的蒸腾速率Tr、光合速率Pn、气孔导度Gs日变化均呈"M"型曲线,存在"午休"现象,水汽压亏缺VPD日变化为单峰曲线。树种蒸腾速率Tr与叶片气孔导度Gs、水汽压亏缺VPD呈线性正相关关系,白皮松相关性显著(R2=0.9795、R2=0.9884)。蒸腾速率Tr为枸杞(3.33 mmol·m-2·s-1)>白蜡(3.22 mmol·m-2·s-1)=山桃(3.22 mmol·m-2·s-1)>银杏(3.21 mmol·m-2·s-1)>白皮松(2.21 mmol·m-2·s-1)。树种耗水量为枸杞(0.090 g·cm-2·d-1)>白蜡(0.080 g·cm-2·d-1)>山桃(0.076 g·cm-2·d-1)=银杏(0.076 g·cm-2·d-1)>白皮松(0.032 g·cm-2·d-1)。白蜡、银杏月耗水量呈倒"V"曲线,白皮松、山桃、枸杞月耗水量呈"M"曲线,耗水量为7月(0.083 g·cm-2·d-1)> 9月(0.078 g·cm-2·d-1)> 8月(0.075 g·cm-2·d-1)> 6月(0.071 g·cm-2·d-1)> 10月(0.060 g·cm-2·d-1)> 5月(0.057 g·cm-2·d-1)。白皮松秋季耗水多,其他树种为夏季耗水多。山桃、银杏抗旱能力强于枸杞、白蜡和白皮松。研究结果可为园林植物的合理配植与水分的合理利用等提供依据。Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the photosynthesis and the transpiration of 5 landscape trees commonly found in Beijing, Pinus bungeana, Fraxinus chinensis, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus davidiana, and Lycium chincnse. The results showed that, with ample supply of water, the rates of photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs) on leaves of the nursery stocks in a day consistently changed in an M-shape curve with a "lunch break" at noon time. The changes on vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exhibited a single peak curve. Tr linearly correlated with Gs as well as VPD. The correlation coefficient (R2) between Tr and Gs of P. bungeana was 0.9795; and, that between Tr and VPD, 0.9884. Tr of the 5 species ranked L. chincnse (3.33 mmol·m-2·s-1) > F. chinensis (3.22 mmol·m-2·s-1) > P. davidiana (3.22 mmol·m-2·s-1)=G. biloba (3.21 mmol·m-2·s-1) > P. bungeana (2.21 mmol·m-2·s-1). The water consumptions for the trees were L. chincnse (0.090 g·cm-2·d-1) > F.chinensis (0.080 g·cm-2·d-1) > Prunus davidiana (0.076 g·cm-2·d-1)=G. biloba (0.076 g·cm-2·d-1)>P. bungeana (0.032 g·cm-2·d-1). The monthly water consumptions of F. chinensis and G. biloba exhibited in a V-shape curve; while, P. bungeana, P. davidiana and L. chincnse, an M-shape curve with twin peaks. Seasonally, the water consumptions of the trees decrease in the order of July (0.083 g·cm-2·d-1) > September (0.078 g·cm-2·d-1) > August (0.075 g·cm-2·d-1) > June (0.071 g·cm-2·d-1) > October (0.060 g·cm-2·d-1) > May (0.057 g·cm-2·d-1). And, P. bungeana consumed the greatest amount of water in autumn, while others in summer. On draught resistance, P. davidiana and G. biloba were more tolerant to the stress than L. chincnse, F. chinensis or P. bungeana.
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Key words:
- landscape trees /
- transpiration /
- water consumption /
- Beijing
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