Optimization of Lead Ion Removal from Sewage Using a Two-phase Aqueous Filtration System
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摘要: 利用聚乙二醇（PEG）600和（NH4）2SO4双水相系统结合原子吸收光谱法对铅污染模拟的水体进行萃取工艺优化研究。在研究PEG600-（NH4）2SO4-H2O双水相体系中各单因素对铅离子的萃取率的影响基础上，再用响应面试验优化双水相萃取污水中铅的最佳萃取工艺。最终得到的最佳工艺为：PEG600体积分数为40.25%、（NH4）2SO4质量浓度为0.17 g·mL-1、pH为2.55、温度为40.28℃，在此工艺条件下的萃取率可达87.26%。Abstract: A PEG600 and (NH4)2SO4 two-phase aqueous filtration system was used in lab for studying the removal of lead ions from waste water. Based on the analytical data obtained from atomic absorption spectrometry, a response surface methodology was applied to optimize the technology. The optimal processing conditions included 40.25% on volume fraction of PEG600, 0.17 g·mL-1 of (NH4)2SO4, pH at 2.55, and temperature at 40.28 to render a lead removal rate of 87.47%.
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图 1 PEG600-(NH4)2SO4-H2O双水相系统
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of PEG600-(NH4)2SO4 two-phase aqueous filtration system
图 6 PEG600体积分数和硫酸铵浓度对交互作用的响应面和等高线
Figure 6. Response surface and contour of interaction between volume fraction of PEG600 and concentration of (NH4)2SO4
图 7 PEG600体积分数和pH值对交互作用的响应面和等高线
Figure 7. Response surface and contour of interaction of PEG600 volume fraction and pH
图 8 PEG600体积分数和温度对交互作用的响应面和等高线
Figure 8. Response surface and contour of interaction between volume fraction of PEG600 and temperature
图 9 硫酸铵质量浓度和pH值对交互作用的响应面和等高线
Figure 9. Response surface and contour of interaction between (NH4)2SO4 concentration and pH
图 10 硫酸铵质量浓度和温度对交互作用的响应面和等高线
Figure 10. Response surface and contour of interaction between (NH4)2SO4 concentration and temperature
图 11 pH值和温度对交互作用的响应面和等高线
Figure 11. Response surface and contour of interaction between pH and temperature
表 1 组成的各组分的添加量
Table 1. Addition of components
序号 加水量/mL 加硫酸铵溶液量/mL 纯硫酸铵累计量/mL 溶液累计量/mL PEG体积分数/% 硫酸铵质量浓度/(g·mL-1) 1 0.5 0.30 0.360 3.21 22 11 2 0.5 0.50 0.960 4.21 17 23 3 0.5 0.60 1.680 5.31 13 32 4 0.5 0.89 2.748 6.70 10 41 5 0.5 0.95 3.888 8.15 8 48 6 0.5 1.09 5.196 9.74 7 53 7 0.5 1.75 7.296 11.99 6 61 8 0.5 2.25 9.996 14.74 5 68 注：质量浓度/%=[总质量(g)÷总体积(mL)]×100%；硫酸铵累计量=硫酸铵溶液量×密度(1.2 g·mL-1)。 
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表 2 响应面试验因素水平
Table 2. Factors and levels of response surface methodology
水平 因素 PEG600体积分数/% 硫酸铵质量浓度/(g·mL-1) pH值 温度/℃ -1 32 0.14 2.0 35 0 40 0.16 2.5 40 1 48 0.18 3.0 45
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表 3 响应面试验结果
Table 3. Results of response surface methodology
试验号 因素 萃取率/% PEG600 硫酸铵 pH值 温度 1 0 0 -1 -1 75.61 2 0 1 0 -1 79.95 3 0 0 0 0 87.12 4 0 0 0 0 86.23 5 0 0 0 0 87.31 6 -1 0 1 0 81.83 7 1 0 1 0 75.12 8 0 0 1 1 76.52 9 1 1 0 0 78.56 10 0 0 0 0 89.12 11 -1 -1 0 0 70.95 12 0 -1 0 1 78.07 13 0 0 -1 1 80.62 14 -1 0 0 -1 70.15 15 0 -1 -1 0 75.69 16 0 1 1 0 83.25 17 1 -1 0 0 78.14 18 0 -1 0 -1 73.53 19 0 0 1 -1 81.57 20 1 0 0 1 80.38 21 -1 1 0 0 80.74 22 1 0 -1 0 78.53 23 0 -1 1 0 81.01 24 0 0 0 0 85.51 25 1 0 0 -1 75.09 26 0 1 0 1 81.16 27 -1 0 -1 0 70.54 28 0 1 -1 0 82.52 29 -1 0 0 1 72.68
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表 4 响应面试验回归方程方差分析
Table 4. Variance analysis of regression equation in response surface experiment
变异来源 平方和 自由度 均方MS F值 P值 显著性 模型 699.97 14 50.00 18.24 < 0.0001 ** A-PEG600体积分数 29.86 1 29.86 10.89 0.0053 * B-硫酸铵浓度 69.07 1 69.07 25.19 0.0002 * C-pH值 20.78 1 20.78 7.58 0.0156 * D-温度 15.26 1 15.26 5.56 0.0334 * AB 21.95 1 21.95 8.01 0.0134 * AC 54.02 1 54.02 19.70 0.0006 * AD 1.90 1 1.90 0.69 0.4186 BC 5.27 1 5.27 1.92 0.1874 BD 2.77 1 2.77 1.01 0.3317 CD 25.30 1 25.30 9.23 0.0089 * A2 320.78 1 320.78 117.00 < 0.0001 ** B2 65.38 1 65.38 23.85 0.0002 * C2 69.35 1 69.35 25.30 0.0002 * D2 193.01 1 193.01 70.40 < 0.0001 ** 残差 38.38 14 2.74 失拟项 30.98 10 3.10 1.67 0.3270 不显著 纯误差 7.40 4 1.85 总离差 738.35 28 注：**为影响极显著(P＜0.0001)，*为影响显著(P＜0.05)。
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