Antimicrobial Activities of Nerium indicum Mill Extracts on Fungal Pathogens
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摘要: 以红花夹竹桃Nerium indicum Mill枝叶为试验材料,分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇对夹竹桃枝叶提取物进行萃取,采用生长速率法测定不同萃取物对5种病原真菌(小麦雪腐病菌、小麦全蚀病菌、梨黑星病菌、辣椒炭疽病菌、稻瘟病菌)的抑菌活性,计算3种萃取物对5种病原真菌的毒力回归方程和半抑制率(EC50)。结果显示:3种萃取物对5种病原真菌的菌丝体生长均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制率随着萃取物浓度的上升而增大。乙酸乙酯萃取物对供试病原菌的抑制效果最好,质量浓度为10.0 mg·mL-1时,乙酸乙酯萃取物对5种病原真菌的抑制率均大于65.0%,尤其对小麦雪腐病原真菌的抑制效果最为显著,最大抑制率达85.7%,半抑制浓度(EC50)为2.03 mg·mL-1;石油醚萃取物其次,正丁醇萃取物抑制效果最差。3种萃取物对小麦雪腐病原菌的抑制作用均较强,半抑制浓度(EC50)均小于6.28 mg·mL-1,与其余4种植物病原菌的EC50值相比,抑制效果显著。说明红花夹竹桃乙酸乙酯萃取物能够抑制5种病原菌的正常生长,其中对小麦雪腐病原菌的抑制效果最好。Abstract: The branches and leaves of Nerium indicum Mill plants were extracted using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate or nbutanol in this study. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts against 5 pathogenic fungi on plants (i.e., Gerlachia nivalis, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Venturia nashicola, Colletotrichum capsici, and Magnaporthe oryzae) were determined based on the fungal growth rates under the treatments. From the data, regression equations were obtained, and EC50 calculated. It was found that the extracts exhibited varying inhibitory rates, which increased with increasing concentration of the extract. The ethyl acetate extract showed the greatest inhibitory effects on the pathogens. At a concentration of 10 mg·mL-1, the extract demonstrated an inhibition rate exceeded 65.0% against all 5 fungi, especially G. nivalis, which reached 85.7% with an EC50 of 2.04 mg·mL-1. The petroleum ether extract and the nbutanol extract followed in that order on the inhibition effect. All 3 extracts retarded the growths of G. nivalis with an EC50 below 6.28 mg·mL-1, which was significantly lower than the EC50 on other fungi tested.
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Key words:
- Nerium indicum Mill /
- pathogenic fungi /
- antimicrobial activity
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表 1 不同萃取物对5种病原菌的抑制效果
Table 1. Inhibitory effects of 3 extracts on 5 fungi
萃取物 质量浓度/(mg·mL-1) 小麦雪腐病菌 小麦全蚀病菌 梨黑星病菌 辣椒炭疽病菌 稻瘟病菌 菌落直径/cm 抑菌率/% 菌落直径/cm 抑菌率/% 菌落直径/cm 抑菌率/% 菌落直径/cm 抑菌率/% 菌落直径/cm 抑菌率/% 石油醚 0.0 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 0.5 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Ba 0.00 ±0.00Aa 1.5 7.25±0.13Bb 15.67 ±1.53Bb 7.97 ±0.06Bb 7.37 ±0.64Bb 7.88 ±0.10Bb 8.33 ±1.19Ab 8.22 ±0.10Bb 4.83 ±1.19Ab 8.25 ±0.05Bb 4.10 ±0.6Ab 2.5 5.25 ±0.05Bc 38.80 ±0.61Bc 6.93 ±0.10Bc 19.27 ±1.17Bc 7.03 ±0.06Bc 18.20 ±0.69Bc 7.30 ±0.10Bc 15.17 ±1.2Bc 7.87 ±0.06Bc 8.50 ±0.69Bc 5.0 3.27 ±0.06Bd 62.00 ±0.69Bd 5.0 ±0.09Ad 42.43 ±0.98Bd 5.15 ±0.15Bd 40.13 ±1.75Bd 5.17 ±0.06Bd 39.90±0.69Bd 5.68 ±0.08Bd 33.90 ±0.92Bd 10.0 1.97 ±0.08Be 77.13 ±0.86Be 4.29 ±0.01Be 50.07 ±0.12Be 3.23 ±0.08Be 62.40 ±0.92Be 3.93 ±0.08Be 54.27 ±0.86Be 4.30 ±0.11Be 50.27 ±1.25Be 乙酸乙酯 0.0 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.0 ±0.00Aa 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 0.5 6.83 ±0.06Bb 20.53 ±0.64Bb 7.97 ±0.15Ab 7.37 ±1.78Bb 8.00 ±0.30Ab 7.00 ±3.50Bb 7.72 ±0.10Ab 10.27 ±1.19Bb 7.67 ±0.15Ab 10.87 ±1.78Bb 1.5 4.90 ±0.10Ac 43.47 ±1.36Cc 7.00 ±0.26Ac 18.60 ±3.08Cc 7.17 ±0.15Ac 16.67 ±1.78Bc 7.17 ±0.06Ac 16.67 ±0.64Bc 6.98 ±0.28Ac 18.77 ±3.19Bc 2.5 3.87 ±0.0A6d 55.07 ±0.64Cd 6.52 ±0.10Ad 24.23 ±1.21Cd 6.50 ±0.17Ad 24.43 ±2.02Cd 6.60 ±0.10Ad 23.27 ±1.15Cd 6.40 ±0.20Ad 25.60 ±2.30Cd 5.0 2.81 ±0.04Ae 67.73 ±0.85Ce 4.92 ±0.08Ae 42.83 ±0.86Be 4.33 ±0.15Ae 49.63 ±1.78Ce 4.63 ±0.21Ae 46.10 ±2.40Ce 4.17 ±0.25Ae 51.57 ±1.33Ce 10.0 1.28 ±0.08Af 85.07 ±0.86Cf 3.07 ±0.15Af 64.37 ±1.78Cf 2.75 ±0.15Af 68.03 ±1.75Cf 2.53 ±0.15Af 70.53 ±1.78Cf 2.77 ±0.12Af 67.83 ±2.90Cf 正丁醇 0.0 8.60± 0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 0.5 8.60 ±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 8.60±0.00Aa 0.00 ±0.00Aa 1.5 8.37 ±0.15Cb 2.73 ±1.79Ab 8.33 ±0.06Cb 3.10 ±0.69Ab 7.90 ±0.10Bb 8.13 ±1.15Ab 8.07 ±0.12Bb 6.23 ±1.33Ab 8.10 ±0.10Bb 5.83 ±1.15Ab 2.5 7.43 ±0.16Cc 13.57 ±1.79Ac 7.97 ±0.06Cc 7.37 ±0.64Ac 7.60 ±0.10Cc 11.63 ±1.15Ac 7.77 ±0.06Cc 9.70 ±0.69Ac 7.55 ±0.05Cc 12.20 ±0.60Ac 5.0 5.27 ±0.06Cd 38.77 ±0.64Ad 6.57 ±0.06Bd 23.67 ±0.64Ad 6.48 ±0.13Cd 24.63 ±1.46Ad 7.07 ±0.12Cd 17.83 ±1.33Ad 6.80 ±0.10Cd 20.93 ±1.15Ad 10.0 2.35 ±0.09Ce 74.30 ±1.04Ae 4.73 ±0.15Ce 44.93 ±1.78Ae 4.10 ±0.10Ce 52.33 ±1.15Ae 4.37 ±0.21Ce 49.23 ±2.44Ae 4.50 ±0.20Be 47.67 ±2.35Ae 注:表中不同大写字母表示同一质量浓度不同萃取物的抑菌率在0.05水平上差异显著,不同小写字母表示同一种萃取物不同质量浓度的抑菌率在0.05水平上差异显著。 表 2 不同萃取物对5种病原菌的毒力回归方程分析
Table 2. Toxicity regression equations of 5 fungi affected by 3 extracts
萃取物 供试菌株 毒力回归方程 χ2 χ0.052 dfa P 石油醚 小麦雪腐病菌 y=2.262x-1.360 6.417 7.815 3 0.093 小麦全蚀病菌 y=1.948x-1.720 4.729 7.815 3 0.193 梨黑星病菌 y=2.037x-1.757 1.856 7.815 3 0.603 辣椒炭疽病菌 y=2.064x-1.894 4.732 7.815 3 0.193 稻瘟菌病菌 y=2.129x-2.088 3.817 7.815 3 0.282 乙酸乙酯 小麦雪腐病菌 y=3.031x-2.380 0.429 7.815 3 0.934 小麦全蚀病菌 y=2.207x-2.029 0.314 7.815 3 0.957 梨黑星病菌 y=1.949x-1.939 2.689 7.815 3 0.441 辣椒炭疽病菌 y=1.999x-2.111 4.167 7.815 3 0.244 稻瘟菌病菌 y=1.910x-2.010 2.033 7.815 3 0.566 正丁醇 小麦雪腐病菌 y=1.411x-0.438 0.8 7.815 3 0.85 小麦全蚀病菌 y=1.554x-1.172 4.071 7.815 3 0.252 梨黑星病菌 y=1.828x-1.231 6.676 7.815 3 0.083 辣椒炭疽病菌 y=1.399x-1.101 5.634 7.815 3 0.131 稻瘟菌病菌 y=1.694x-1.149 5.079 7.815 3 0.166 注:表中“χ2”为卡方值,“χ0.052”为临界值,(dfa)为自由度,“P”为5%显著性差异。 -
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