Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Local Breeds and New Zealand White Rabbits
-
摘要: 对闽西南黑兔、福建白兔和新西兰兔90日龄屠宰性能和肉质性状进行研究,结果显示:(1)新西兰兔的活重[(2044.79±129.86)g]、全净膛重[(941.89±65.27)g]、半净膛重[(1034.31±65.39)g]显著高于闽西南黑兔[(1568.56±103.99)、(725.42±88.60)、(784.94±145.07)g]和福建白兔[(1514.43±102.96)、(675.55±54.91)、(763.08±47.82)g,P < 0.05],福建白兔全净膛率[(44.59±1.84)%]和腹脂重[(7.54±4.62)g]显著低于新西兰兔[(46.09±2.04)%和(9.48±5.23)g]和闽西南黑兔[(46.27±4.95)%和(8.06±4.19)g,P < 0.05],而它们之间半净膛率及腹脂率差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)闽西南黑兔背最长肌和股二头肌肉色比福建白兔和新西兰兔更显红润;(3)屠宰后45 min,背最长肌pH值闽西南黑兔(6.42±0.20)显著低于福建白兔(6.49±0.20)和新西兰兔(6.53±0.20,P < 0.05),而股二头肌pH值3种供试兔间差异不显著(P>0.05);屠宰后24 h,福建白兔背最长肌pH值(5.66±0.09)和股二头肌pH值(5.84±0.15)显著高于闽西南黑兔(5.46±0.31和5.67±0.16)和新西兰兔(5.47±0.27和5.64±0.07,P < 0.05),3种供试兔背肌和腿肌均出现酸化现象;(4)闽西南黑兔[(6.61±2.91)%]、福建白兔[(4.03±1.47)%]与新西兰兔[(9.50±3.29)%]的滴水损失相比,新西兰兔滴水损失最大(P < 0.05),蒸煮损失则差异不显著(P>0.05);(5)背最长肌粗蛋白含量检测,新西兰兔蛋白含量最高[(24.69±2.57)g·kg-1],闽西南黑兔最低[(22.12±0.96)g·kg-1,P < 0.05],粗脂肪检测结果则相反;(6)在肌肉纤维面积和密度方面,福建白兔背最长肌[(0.0014±0.0004)mm2·个-1]和股二头肌纤维面积最小[(0.0017±0.0004)mm2·个-1,P < 0.05],新西兰兔和闽西南黑兔差异不显著(P>0.05),而它们肌纤维密度结果则相反。Abstract: This article compares the slaughtered carcass characteristics and meat quality indicators of 90-day-old Minxinan black rabbit(MBR), Fujian white rabbit(FWR) and New Zealand white rabbit(NZWR). The results showed that (1) the live weight[(2044.79±129.86)g], evisceration weight[(941.89±65.27)g] and semi-evisceration weight[(1034.31±65.39)g] of NZWR were higher than those of MBR[(1568.56±103.99)g, (725.42±88.60)g and (784.94±145.07)g, respectively] and FWR[(1514.43±102.96)g, (675.55±54.91)g and(763.08±47.82)g, respectively] at P < 0.05, and the evisceration weight percentage[(44.59±1.84)%] and abdominal fat weight[(7.54±4.62)g] of FWR lower than those of MBR[(46.27±4.95)% and (8.06±4.19)g, respectively] and NZWR[(46.09±2.04)% and (9.48±5.23)g, respectively] at P < 0.05, while no significant differences in the proportions of semi-evisceration weight or the abdominal fat among all breeds at P>0.05; (2) the longissimus dorsi and biceps femori of MBR appeared redder in color than those of the other rabbits at P < 0.05; (3) 45 minutes after slaughter, the pH of longissimus dorsi of MBR (6.42±0.20) was lower than those of FWR (6.49±0.20) and NZWR (6.53±0.20) at P < 0.05, and no significant differenceon biceps femoriat P>0.05;whereas, 24 h after slaughter, the pH of longissimus dorsi (5.66±0.09) and biceps femori (5.84±0.15) of FWR were higher than those of MBR[(5.46±0.31) and (5.67±0.16), respectively] and NZWR[(5.47±0.27) and (5.64±0.07), respectively] at P < 0.05, indicating an acidification in the muscles of all 3 breeds occurred after slaughtering; (4) the longissimus dorsi of NZWR had the highest drip loss[(9.50±3.29)%, P < 0.05], and no significant differences in cooking losses among the breeds (P>0.05); (5) NZWR had a higher crude protein content in longissimus dorsi at (24.69±2.57)g·kg-1 than the others, while MBR the lowest at (22.12±0.96)g·kg-1(P < 0.05), whereas, the fat content being the opposite; (6) FWR had lower muscle area[(0.0014±0.0004)mm·unit-1 on longissimus dorsi and (0.0017±0.0004)mm·unit-1 on biceps femori] than the other breeds (P < 0.05), but no significant difference between MBR and NZWR(P>0.05), and the opposite on muscle fiber density among the breeds.
-
表 1 闽西南地方肉兔与新西兰兔屠宰性状比较
Table 1. Carcass characteristics of MBR, FWR and NZWR
品种 活重
/g全净膛重
/g全净膛率
/%半净膛重
/g半净膛率
/%腹脂重
/g腹脂率
/%闽西南黑兔(n=93) 1568.56±103.99a 725.42±88.60a 46.27±4.95a 784.94±145.07a 50.04±8.87 8.06±4.19a 0.51±0.26 福建白兔(n=116) 1514.43±102.96b 675.55±54.91a 44.59±1.84b 763.08±47.82a 50.39±2.03 7.54±4.62b 0.50±0.25 新西兰兔(n=28) 2044.79±129.86c 941.89±65.27b 46.09±2.04a 1034.31±65.39b 50.63±2.15 9.48±5.23a 0.47±0.29 注:同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。表 2~5同。 表 2 闽西南地方肉兔与新西兰兔肌肉肉色、pH值比较
Table 2. Muscle pH and color of MBR, FWR and NZWR
品种 L*LD a*LD b*LD L*BF a*BF b*BF pH LD45min LD24h BF45min BF24h 闽西南黑兔(n=98) 44.67±2.43 9.30±2.34a 5.97a±0.97a 55.51±3.49a 9.41±2.23a 5.83±1.35a 6.42±0.20a 5.46±0.31a 6.49±0.24 5.67±0.16a 福建白兔(n=116) 45.38±2.43 7.52±3.72b 6.62±1.13b 56.54±2.97b 8.02±2.38b 7.15±2.23b 6.49±0.20b 5.66±0.09b 6.48±0.25 5.84±0.15b 新西兰兔(n=30) 45.30±2.01 7.84±1.47ab 6.86±0.74b 56.37±2.97ab 8.78±2.47ab 7.66±1.21b 6.53±0.20b 5.47±0.27a 6.53±0.22 5.64±0.07a 注:LD表示longissimus dorsi, 背最长肌; BF表示biceps femoris,股二头肌。 表 3 闽西南地方肉兔与新西兰兔肌肉滴水损失及蒸煮损失比较
Table 3. Drip and cooking losses of meat of MBR, FWR and NZWR
(单位/%) 品种 滴水损失 蒸煮损失 闽西南黑兔(n=98) 6.61±2.91a 38.50±3.17 福建白兔(n=116) 4.03±1.47b 37.40±3.67 新西兰兔(n=30) 9.50±3.29c 38.43±4.49 表 4 闽西南地方兔与新西兰兔背最长肌粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量比较
Table 4. Protein and fat contents of longissimus dorsi of MBR, FWR and NZWR
[单位/(g·kg-1)] 品种 粗蛋白 粗脂肪 闽西南黑兔(n=98) 22.12±0.96a 2.74±0.72a 福建白兔(n=116) 23.01±1.47b 2.25±0.92b 新西兰兔(n=30) 24.69±2.57c 1.75±0.39c 表 5 闽西南地方兔与新西兰兔肌肉纤维面积和密度比较
Table 5. Muscle fiber area and density of MBR, FWR and NZWR
品种 背最长肌肌纤维面积
/(mm2·个-1)股二头肌肌肌纤维面积
/(mm2·个-1)背最长肌肌纤维密度
/(个·mm-2)股二头肌肌纤维密度
/(个·mm-2)闽西南黑兔(n=98) 0.0018±0.0005a 0.0019±0.0005a 585.92±135.71a 543.43±126.34a 福建白兔(n=81) 0.0014±0.0004b 0.0017±0.0004b 765.33±205.68b 637.72±144.68b 新西兰兔(n=27) 0.0019±0.0005a 0.0020±0.0006a 547.71±132.22a 549.32±144.42a -
[1] 孙世坤, 谢喜平, 陈岩锋, 等.福建地方家兔肉质特性的比较研究[J].福建农业学报, 2009, 24(5):429-432. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0384.2009.05.010 [2] 陈岩锋, 陈冬金, 孙世坤, 等.闽西南黑兔繁殖、生长、屠宰性能和肉质特性的研究[J].畜牧与兽医, 2015, 47(2):64-67. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xmysy201502016 [3] 孙世坤, 桑雷, 陈冬金, 等.闽西南黑兔的肉质分析研究[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 28(20):33-36. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgnxtb201220006 [4] 谢喜平, 陈冬金, 孙世坤, 等.福建白兔种质特性与生产性能研究[J].农学学报, 2015, 5(1):73-76. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgncxkkj2015010015 [5] 林萍萍.武平县福建白兔遗传资源历史渊源[J].福建畜牧兽医, 2017, 39(1):18-19. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-4331.2017.01.007 [6] 国家食品药品监督管理总局, 国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准食品中蛋白质的测定: GB 5009.5-2016[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2016: 1-9. [7] 国家食品药品监督管理总局, 国家卫生和计划生育委员会.食品安全国家标准食品中脂肪的测定: GB 5009.6-2016[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2016: 1-13. [8] 农业部.农业标准瘦肉型猪胴体性状测定技术规范: NY/T 825-2004[S].北京: 中国农业出版社, 2004: 1-4. [9] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 国家标准化管理委员会.中华人民共和国国家标准牛屠宰操作规程: GB/T19477-2004[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2004: 1-8. [10] 河北省质量技术监督局.河北省地方标准羊屠宰技术要求: DB13/T963-2008[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008: 1-5. [11] 国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 国家标准化管理委员会.中华人民共和国国家标准肉鸡屠宰操作规程: GB/T 19478-2004[S].北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008: 1-5. [12] 羿庆燕, 金华莲, 刘笑笑, 等.贮藏期间延边黄牛肉与延F1牛肉色泽和pH值的比较[J].畜牧与兽医, 2012, 44(3):38-40. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=xmysy201203010 [13] 薛山, 贺稚非, 李洪军.伊拉兔宰后肌糖原变化及其与兔肉品质的相关性[J].中国农业科学, 2014, 47(4):814-822. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.04.022 [14] SAVELL J W, MUELLER S L, BAIRD B.The chilling of carcasses[J]. Meat Science, 2005, 70(3):449-459. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.027 [15] CHOE J H, CHOI Y M, LEE S H, et al. The relation between glycogen, lactate content and muscle fiber type composition, and their influence on postmortem glycolytic rate and pork quality[J].Meat science, 2008, 80(2):355-362. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.12.019 [16] 唐孟甜, 谢丽, 谢瑞彤.脂肪氧化物丙二醛对牛肉色泽稳定性的影响[J].农产品加工, 2011, 253(8):4-8. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=NCJX201108002&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [17] 任巧玲, 张金枝.猪的肉色及其影响因素[J].养猪, 2004(1):45-48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1957.2004.01.022 [18] 王亚鹏.江西玉山猪肌肉组织学特性与肉质的关系[J].江西农业大学学报, 1994, 16(3):284-287. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-JXND403.011.htm