不同光照条件及混播比例对冷季型草坪草混播质量的影响

赵春莉; 刘翰升; 周博涛; 赵子剑; 潘珠峰

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.009

不同光照条件及混播比例对冷季型草坪草混播质量的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.009

1.
吉林农业大学园艺学院, 吉林长春 130118
2.
北京林业大学园林学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家大学生科技创新基金项目 201610193057

详细信息

作者简介:
赵春莉(1973-), 女, 博士, 副教授, 硕士生导师, 研究方向:园林植物生物技术及资源等(E-mail:zcl8368@163.com)

中图分类号: S688.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-10
- 修回日期: 2018-10-15
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-28

Effect of Light Exposure and Cold-season Turfgrass Mixing on Performance of Lawn

1.
School of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
2.
School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究全光照及遮阴条件下，冷季型草坪草草地早熟禾（优美、肯塔基）、紫羊茅（梦神）和多年生黑麦草（轰炸机）与狗牙根混播的草坪质量，比较不同光照条件及混播比例的成坪效果差异，提出适合长春地区夏季混播的草种及组合。方法通过草坪草外观评价指标，运用隶属函数法及权重法进行综合评价，比较成坪效果差异。结果在遮阴条件下，多年生黑麦草轰炸机:草地早熟禾优美=1:2效果最好，质量评价分数为0.731；在全光照条件下，多年生黑麦草轰炸机:草地早熟禾肯塔基:普通狗牙根=3:4:3效果最好，质量评价分数为0.396，多年生黑麦草轰炸机与草地早熟禾优美、紫羊茅梦神混播不成坪。结论在遮阴条件下，两种草坪草混播组合优于含有保护种狗牙根的3个草坪草品种混播组合；在全光照条件下，含有保护种狗牙根的3个草坪草品种混播组合整体草坪质量优于两种草坪草混播组合。
- 草地早熟禾 /
- 紫羊茅 /
- 多年生黑麦草 /
- 冷季型草坪草 /
- 混播 /
- 草坪质量评价 /
- 草坪建植
Abstract: Objective Effects of full light exposure or shading condition and mixing ratio of the cool season meadow grass (Euromyth and K.B.G), Festuca rubra (Rubra), perennial ryegrass (Bomber) and Bermudagrass on the growth and appearance of the lawn were evaluated for turf building in the city of Changchun in northern China. Method Turf appearance indices on the treatment lawns were compared and evaluated using the membership function method and weights comprehensive evaluation method. Result In the shade, the mixing ratio of Bomber:Euromyth at 1:2 performed the best with an evaluation score of 0.731. Under full sunlight exposure, the Bomber:K.B.G:Common=3:4:3 combination had the highest score of 0.396, whereas mixing Bomber and Euromyth or Bomber and Rubra would not form an acceptable lawn. Conclusion The combination of two turfgrasses appeared superior on lawn performance to that of 3-turfgrass containing the protective Bermuda variety in a shaded lot. However, with full sunlight the later were better than the former.
- Poa pratensis /
- Festuca rubra /
- Lolium perenne /
- cold-season turfgrass /
- mixed sowing /
- turf quality evaluation /
- lawn establishment

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表 1 播种比例及播种量

Table 1. Mixing ratios and quantities of seeds

处理 Treatment	轰炸机 Bomber	优美 Euromyth	梦神 Rubra	肯塔基 K.B.G	普通狗牙根 Common
A1(CK)	1(86.9)	2(128.6)
A2	1(58.3)	4(154.7)
A3	3(78.0)	7(135.3)
A4	2(104.1)	3(115.9)
B1(CK)	1(86.0)		2(125.8)
B2	1(52.2)		4(152.5)
B3	3(78.0)		7(133.4)
B4	2(104.1)		3(114.3)
C1(CK)	2(52.2)			5(135.3)	3(202.6)
C2	3(78.0)			4(108.3)	3(202.6)
C3	4(104.1)			3(81.2)	3(202.6)
C4	1(26.1)			6(102.4)	3(202.6)
注：表中括号内数字为播种量，单位为g·m^-2。 Note：The data in the parentheses was seeding ralte, g·m^-2.

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表 2 草坪质量评价指标权重

Table 2. Turf quality indices and weights for lawn evaluation

评价指标 Evaluation intex	成坪速度 Turf speed	密度 Density	生长速度 Growth rate	质地 Turf texture	颜色 Color	生物量 Biomass
权重Weight	0.05	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.1	0.1

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表 3 不同冷季型草坪草混播比例组合下草坪坪用性状

Table 3. Performance of lawns with various combinations of cold-season turfgrass under differed light conditions

组合处理 Treatment	成坪速度 Turf speed /d	密度 Density /(株·cm^-2	生长速度 Growth rate /(cm·d^-1)	质地 Turf texture /cm	颜色 Color	生物量 Biomass /(g·m^-2)
全光照处理Full light conditions
A1	-	0.50±0.07ij	0.26±0.06hij	0.19±0.05cdefgh	2.64±0.47ab	320±70.00jk
A2	-	0.25±0.06lm	0.20±0.06j	0.15±0.04fgh	2.27±0.17b	160±35.121
A3	-	0.42±0.04ijk	0.32±0.09hij	0.24±0.05abc	2.58±0.24ab	350±73.71ijk
A4	-	0.58±0.08i	0.26±0.06hij	0.26±0.05ab	2.78±0.30ab	270±70.24kl
B1	-	0.33±0.05kl	0.22±0.04ij	0.24±0.04abc	2.64±0.43ab	640±75.50de
B2	-	0.16±0.03m	0.21±0.07ij	0.15±0.04fgh	2.94±0.61ab	350±61.10ijk
B3	-	0.50±0.05ij	0.27±0.04hij	0.20±0.06bcdefgh	3.09±0.70ab	450±149.33ghij
B4	-	0.41±0.10jk	0.39±0.03gh	0.29±0.05a	2.80±0.47ab	490±45.09fghi
C1	24	0.83±0.08gh	0.35±0.07ghij	0.22±0.05abcdef	2.58±0.63ab	830±47.26bc
C2	29	0.92±0.06fg	0.31±0.04hij	0.20±0.04bcdefgh	2.47±0.76ab	700±65.57cd
C3	31	0.75±0.11h	0.36±0.07ghi	0.26±0.05ab	2.47±0.68ab	620±106.93def
C4	35	0.57±0.05i	0.31±0.05hij	0.23±0.03abcd	2.44±0.60ab	340±45.09jk
遮阴处理Shade conditions
A1	23	1.83±0.07b	0.86±0.08bc	0.16±0.01defgh	2.76±0.50ab	1060±121.24a
A2	29	1.58±0.10c	0.77±0.11cd	0.21±0.03bcdefg	2.62±0.57ab	750±65.06bcd
A3	27	1.67±0.06c	0.77±0.20cd	0.17±0.01cdefgh	3.16±0.51ab	550±96.09efg
A4	35	2.00±0.12a	0.83±0.07bc	0.14±0.02gh	3.22±0.50ab	630±77.67de
B1	27	1.63±0.13c	0.97±0.09b	0.14±0.03h	2.93±0.24ab	630±50.33de
B2	33	1.13±0.14e	0.95±0.08b	0.17±0.02defgh	3.42±0.71ab	400±73.701hijk
B3	35	0.93±0.09fg	0.85±0.05bc	0.16±0.02efgh	3.58±0.68a	420±65.57ghij
B4	39	1.40±0.18d	1.16±0.07a	0.23±0.04abcde	3.20±0.53ab	520±95.39efgh
C1	25	0.89±0.05fgh	0.47±0.07fg	0.18±0.02cdefgh	2.91±0.84ab	840±70.95b
C2	21	1.25±0.08de	0.59±0.13ef	0.19±0.03bcdefgh	2.95±0.69ab	880±65.57b
C3	23	1.00±0.15f	0.66±0.06de	0.19±0.03bcdefgh	2.89±0.60ab	640±62.45de
C4	31	0.83±0.12gh	0.38±0.02gh	0.22±0.04abcde	3.24±1.21ab	450±65.06ghij
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，“-”观测期内未成坪。 Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), and “-” is not flat during the observation period.

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表 4 不同光照处理和不同混播比例组合标准化值及草坪质量综合评价

Table 4. Normalized scores on evaluation indices and quality assessment on lawns built with various combinations of cold-season turfgrass under differed light conditions

组合处理 Treatment	成坪速度 Turf speed	密度 Density	生长速度 Growth speed	质地 Turf texture	颜色 Color	生物量 Biomass	综合评价得分 Comprehensive evaluation score	排序 Sort
全光照处理Full light condition
A1	0	0.187	0.103	0.620	0.457	0.190	0.292	1
A2	0	0.063	0.047	0.817	0.350	0.037	0.271	2
A3	0	0.150	0.157	0.350	0.437	0.217	0.230	3
A4	0	0.227	0.103	0.273	0.497	0.140	0.215	4
B1	0	0.103	0.063	0.353	0.460	0.497	0.226	3
B2	0	0.013	0.057	0.793	0.540	0.223	0.292	2
B3	0	0.190	0.110	0.550	0.587	0.317	0.303	1
B4	0	0.143	0.220	0.157	0.503	0.347	0.215	4
C1	0.58	0.353	0.183	0.473	0.437	0.680	0.393	2
C2	0.52	0.397	0.147	0.550	0.407	0.553	0.396	1
C3	0.48	0.313	0.193	0.270	0.403	0.480	0.307	3
C4	0.42	0.223	0.147	0.413	0.397	0.207	0.277	4
遮阴处理Shade condition
A1	0.62	0.853	0.653	0.740	0.490	0.893	0.731	1
A2	0.52	0.727	0.587	0.513	0.450	0.603	0.588	4
A3	0.55	0.767	0.570	0.680	0.603	0.413	0.633	3
A4	0.42	0.937	0.623	0.830	0.623	0.490	0.730	2
B1	0.55	0.770	0.753	0.863	0.540	0.490	0.727	1
B2	0.45	0.523	0.737	0.727	0.680	0.263	0.614	4
B3	0.42	0.393	0.643	0.773	0.723	0.287	0.574	2
B4	0.35	0.603	0.927	0.423	0.617	0.383	0.606	3
C1	0.58	0.380	0.293	0.633	0.533	0.690	0.478	3
C2	0.65	0.560	0.407	0.593	0.547	0.723	0.550	1
C3	0.62	0.433	0.467	0.610	0.527	0.497	0.511	2
C4	0.48	0.353	0.210	0.433	0.630	0.317	0.368	4

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