9种野生鲳鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成与分析

庄海旗; 刘江琴; 钟宇; 崔燎; 罗辉

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.003

9种野生鲳鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成与分析

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.003

庄海旗^{1, 2,},
刘江琴²,
钟宇³,
崔燎^{1, 4},
罗辉^{4, 5}

1.
广东医科大学广东天然药物研究与开发实验室，广东　湛江　524023
2.
广东医科大学化学教研室，广东　湛江　524023
3.
广东医科大学分析中心，广东　湛江　524023
4.
广东医科大学海洋医药研究院，广东　湛江　524023
5.
广东医科大学湛江市环北部湾海洋微生物资源研究开发重点实验室，广东　湛江　524023

基金项目: 广东省科技发展专项（粤科规财字[2017]12号）；湛江市科技计划项目（2017B01008）

详细信息

作者简介:
庄海旗（1964−），男，硕士，副教授，研究方向：天然药物提取与分析（E-mail：haiqizhuang@163.com）

中图分类号: S 917.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-05-03
- 修回日期: 2019-08-25
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Comparison of Fatty Acids in Muscles of 9 Species of Wild White Pomfret

ZHUANG Hai-qi^{1, 2
,},
LIU Jiang-qin²,
ZHONG Yu³,
CUI Liao^{1, 4},
LUO Hui^{4, 5}

1.
Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong　524023, China
2.
Chemistry Teaching and Research Section, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong　524023, China
3.
Center for Chemical Analysis, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong　524023, China
4.
Marine Medicine Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong　524023, China
5.
Key Laboratory of R & D Marine Microorganism and Microalgae in Beibu Gulf Rim, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong　524023, China

摘要

摘要: 目的比较9种野生鲳鱼肌肉脂肪酸的含量，并对各脂肪酸组成进行相关性分析，为鲳鱼的开发利用提供参考依据。方法用0.5%硫酸-甲醇处理各种鲳鱼肌肉，毛细管气相色谱法测定其脂肪酸组分，用IBM SPSS Statistics 20进行相关性分析和聚类分析。结果 9种野生鲳鱼肌肉饱和脂肪酸含量为34.52%～48.29%，单不饱和脂肪酸含量为15.35%～35.91%，多不饱和脂肪酸含量为18.45%～37.26%，其中C16 ∶ 0含量稳定且最高；相关性分析显示，∑MUFA与∑PUFA呈负相关，∑SFA与∑MUFA、∑PUFA相关性小；主要脂肪酸C20 ∶ 4(6)(AA)和C22 ∶ 6(3)(DHA)分别与ω-6和ω-3呈极显著正相关，而EPA与其他脂肪酸的相关性小。聚类分析可将9种鲳鱼分成3个组群，其中中国鲳、珍鲳和银鲳等3种鲳属鱼种的脂肪酸组成含量相似。结论 9种鲳鱼的EPA+DHA和多不饱和脂肪酸含量均较高，具有较高的营养价值或医用价值；鲳鱼脂肪酸组成的相关性分析和聚类分析可为其脂肪酸代谢和鱼类分类学的研究提供参考。
- 鲳鱼 /
- 脂肪酸 /
- 气相色谱法 /
- 相关性分析 /
- 聚类分析
Abstract: Objective The fatty acids (FFs) in the muscles of 9 species of wild white pomfret were compared for the development and utilization of the marine resource. Method Samples of fish muscles were treated with 0.5% sulfuric acid-methanol prior to FF determination using capillary gas chromatography. Correlation and cluster analyses on the FFs were performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Result The muscles of the 9 species contained 34.52% to 48.29% of saturated FFs, 15.35% to 35.91% of monounsaturated FFs, and 18.45% to 37.26% of polyunsaturated FFs. The content of C16 ∶ 0 FF was similar in all species and the highest among all detected in the muscles. ∑MUFA was found inversely correlated with ∑PUFA, and ∑SFA not correlated with either ∑MUFA or ∑PUFA. The major FF, C20 ∶ 4(6)(AA), correlated with ω-6, and C22 ∶ 6 (3)(DHA) with ω-3, while EPA with none. Based upon the FF compositions, the 9 species were clustered into 3 groups, such as, Pampus genera, P. chinensis, P. minor and P. argenteus in one category. Conclusion The contents of nutraceutical EPA+DHA and polyunsaturated FFs were high in the 9 species of wild white pomfret. The analytical information was of value for studies on the metabolism and taxonomy of white pomfret.
- White pomfret /
- fatty acid /
- gas chromatography /
- correlation analysis /
- cluster analysis

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图 1 中国鲳肌肉脂肪酸甲酯总离子流色谱图

Figure 1. Total ion current chromatogram of FF methyl esters from muscles of P. chinese

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图 2 9种鲳鱼脂肪酸的聚类分析树状图

Figure 2. Cluster analysis on FFs in muscles of 9 species of wild white pomfret

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图 3 长链不饱和脂肪酸的转化途径

Figure 3. Conversion pathway of long chain unsaturated FFs

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表 1 9种野生鲳鱼肌肉脂肪酸含量(n = 4)

Table 1. FFs in muscles of 9 species of wild white pomfret（单位：%，n=4）

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	中国鲳 Pampus chinese	镰鲳 Pampus echinnogaster	珍鲳 Pampus minor	银鲳 Pampus argenteus	纵带真鲳 Stromateus fiatola	海湾低鳍鲳. Peprilus burti	史氏低鳍鲳 Peprilus snyderi	乌鲳 Parastrumateus niger	刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala
C14∶0	5.09±0.34 a	2.41±0.25 cd	4.08±0.32 b	2.30±0.12 d	4.10±0.32 b	2.71±0.25 c	2.59±0.18 c	4.98±0.36 a	2.78±0.19 c
C14∶1	0.35±0.02 d	0.51±0.04 b	0.42±0.03 c	0.18±0.11 f	0.57±0.04 b	0.34±0.02 d	0.30±0.01 ef	3.27±0.17 a	0.32±0.03 de
C15∶0	0.47±0.05 de	0.48±0.03 d	0.60±0.07 c	0.42±0.03 e	0.59±0.05 c	0.61±0.04 c	0.51±0.03 d	0.76±0.06 b	1.59±0.14 a
C16∶0	27.81±1.27 a	25.60±1.56 abc	27.50±2.14 ab	24.86±1.79 bcd	25.95±1.99 abc	23.55±1.32 cd	19.38±1.67 e	22.08±1.79 de	25.00±1.66 bcd
C16∶1(7)	6.25±0.07 b	2.22±0.11 f	5.18±0.28 c	5.12±0.41 c	2.66±0.14 e	6.90±0.49 a	5.05±0.48 c	1.64±0.11 g	4.34±0.30 d
C16∶2	0.18±0.02 e	0.06±0.01 f	0.27±0.02 c	0.21±0.02 de	0.59±0.06 b	0.23±0.01 d	0.20±0.01 e	0.76±0.06 a	0.73±0.06 a
C17∶0	0.69±0.05 c	0.88±0.07 b	0.69±0.05 c	0.56±0.04 d	0.77±0.05 c	0.57±0.06 d	0.47±0.03 e	0.90±0.05 b	1.52±0.17 a
C17∶1	0.26±0.02 e	0.40±0.05 bc	0.36±0.02 c	0.38±0.03 bc	0.37±0.03 bc	0.42±0.03 b	0.32±0.02 d	0.23±0.01 f	0.64±0.05 a
C18∶0	7.88±0.34 d	7.47±0.48 d	9.19±0.67 c	6.04±0.36 e	9.79±1.01 c	6.45±0.38 e	25.20±2.31 a	13.62±1.04 b	9.09±0.80 c
C18∶1	23.28±1.87 c	15.47±1.21 e	26.72±1.79 ab	29.90±2.33 a	22.78±1.80 c	25.59±2.07 bc	19.01±1.39 d	9.75±0.68 f	19.18±1.24 d
C18∶2(6)	0.52±0.04 c	0.44±0.05 d	0.39±0.04 d	0.42±0.03 d	0.55±0.04 c	0.81±0.07 b	0.84±0.06 b	0.54±0.05 c	1.45±0.11 a
C18∶3(6)	0.40±0.06 c	0.38±0.03 c	0.30±0.02 e	0.25±0.01 f	0.33±0.01 d	0.19±0.01 g	0.15±0.01 h	0.53±0.03 b	0.60±0.02 a
C18∶3(3)	0.34±0.03 e	0.24±0.01 g	0.43±0.03 d	0.31±0.02 ef	0.52±0.04 c	0.63±0.05 b	0.79±0.04 a	0.31±0.02 f	0.46±0.03 cd
C20∶0	0.53±0.03 c	0.53±0.04 c	0.72±0.08 b	0.33±0.02 e	0.91±0.05 a	0.18±0.01 f	0.14±0.01 g	0.46±0.03 d	0.70±0.05 b
C20∶1	2.49±0.21 c	2.81±0.13 b	2.16±0.17 c	1.67±0.17 d	4.74±0.34 a	1.45±0.11 d	2.35±0.21 c	0.43±0.05 f	0.74±0.03 e
C20∶2(6)	0.13±0.01 f	0.28±0.01 c	0.13±0.01 f	0.15±0.01 e	0.23±0.01 d	0.32±0.02 b	0.30±0.02 bc	0.23±0.01 d	0.37±0.01 a
C20∶3(6)	0.21±0.01 a	0.12±0.01 d	0.09±0.01 e	0.08±0.01 e	0.09±0.05 e	0.17±0.01 b	0.12±0.01 d	0.14±0.01 c	0.21±0.01 a
C20∶4 (6)(AA)	2.16±0.15 c	2.00±0.18 c	1.53±0.16 d	2.17±0.19 c	1.94±0.17 c	3.31±0.15 b	2.03±0.15 c	5.35±0.43 a	5.77±0.37 a
C20∶4(3)	0.42±0.03 b	0.27±0.03 d	0.30±0.02 cd	0.22±0.01 e	0.31±0.01 c	0.52±0.04 a	0.59±0.06 a	0.19±0.01 f	0.18±0.01 f
C20∶5 (3)(EPA)	2.77±0.18 d	5.14±0.15 b	2.70±0.20 d	4.20±0.16 c	2.94±0.23 d	6.73±0.52 a	5.26±0.23 b	2.77±0.28 d	2.07±0.16 e
C22∶4(6)	0.78±0.10 c	0.53±0.03 d	0.36±0.03 e	0.48±0.04 d	0.51±0.04 d	0.89±0.10 c	0.51±0.05 d	1.48±0.10 b	1.92±0.12 a
C22∶5(6)	0.98±0.07 c	0.93±0.07 cd	0.79±0.06 e	1.04±0.09 bc	0.93±0.07 bc	0.84±0.05 de	0.50±0.03 f	2.99±0.27 a	1.14±0.08 b
C22∶5 (3)(DPA)	2.33±0.14 a	1.86±0.12 b	1.41±0.10 e	1.51±0.11 de	1.67±0.09 cd	2.64±0.33 a	1.74±0.13 bc	2.19±0.18 a	0.87±0.05 f
C22∶6 (3)(DHA)	10.06±0.87 de	23.71±1.56 a	9.74±0.67 ef	14.39±1.38 c	11.48±0.82 d	11.03±0.98 de	8.62±0.54 f	19.80±1.40 b	12.93±0.84 c
∑不确定成分∑Uncertain component	3.63±0.22	5.25±0.30	3.92±0.32	2.80±0.14	4.68±0.44	2.90±0.34	3.01±0.22	4.61±0.33	5.39±0.37
∑SFA	42.47±1.89 bc	37.37±2.19 de	42.78±2.22 bc	34.52±1.79 e	42.11±2.32 bc	34.08±2.56 e	48.29±2.21 a	42.81±2.67 b	40.68±2.10 cd
∑MUFA	30.68±2.45 bc	19.13±1.83 e	33.41±1.59 ab	35.91±2.31 a	27.29±1.84 cd	33.43±2.01 ab	24.82±1.52 d	15.35±1.05 f	25.19±1.79 d
∑PUFA	21.27±1.87 cd	35.97±2.23 a	18.45±1.31 d	25.43±1.58 b	22.09±0.77 c	28.32±1.78 b	21.67±1.87 c	37.26±3.01 a	28.70±2.30 b
ω-6	5.18±0.42 c	4.69±0.37 cd	3.60±0.19 e	4.59±0.34 cd	4.58±0.51 cd	6.53±0.36 b	4.47±0.36 d	11.26±0.56 a	11.46±1.11 a
ω-3	15.91±0.97 de	31.22±1.92 a	14.58±1.48 e	20.63±1.76 c	16.91±0.89 d	21.554±1.44 c	17.00±1.12 d	25.24±1.47 b	16.52±1.03 de
ω-3/ω-6	3.1	6.7	4	4.5	3.7	3.3	3.8	2.2	1.4
EPA+DHA	12.82±0.65 ef	28.86±1.36 a	12.44±0.77 f	18.59±1.63 c	14.41±0.72 d	17.76±1.11 c	13.88±0.88 de	22.56±1.83 b	15.01±0.89 d
DHA / EPA	3.6	4.6	3.6	3.4	3.9	1.6	1.6	7.2	6.2
注：同行数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)；∑不确定成分：各种未能确定物质峰的总面积占所有峰面积百分比。 Note:Different lowercase letters on a same row represent significant difference (P<0.05); ∑Uncertain component: percentage of combined area under uncertainty mass peaks in total peak area.

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表 2 野生鲳鱼主要脂肪酸含量的平均值与离散度SD

Table 2. Average contents and dispersion of major FFs in muscles of wild white pomfret

主要脂肪酸 Major Fatty acid	平均值 Average value/%	离散度 SD/%
C14∶0	3.45	0.40
C16∶0	24.64	0.11
C16∶1(7)	4.37	0.42
C18∶0	10.53	0.65
C18∶1	21.30	0.32
C20∶1	2.09	1.72
C20∶4(6)(AA)	2.92	0.27
C20∶5(3)(EPA)	3.84	0.76
C22∶5(3)(DPA)	1.80	0.61
C22∶6(3)(DHA)	13.53	0.39

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表 3 总饱和脂肪酸、总单不饱和脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸、ω-6、ω-3、AA、EPA、DHA之间的相关性分析

Table 3. Correlations among ∑SFA, ∑MUFA, ∑PUFA, ω-6, ω-3, AA, EPA, and DHA in wild white pomfret

脂肪酸 Fatty acid	∑SFA	∑MUFA	∑PUFA	ω-6	ω-3	C20∶4(6)(AA)	C20∶5(3)(EPA)	C22∶6(3)(DHA)	EPA+DHA
∑SFA	1.000
∑MUFA	−0.368	1.000
∑PUFA	−0.347	−0.722^*	1.000
ω-6	0.007	−0.521	0.605	1.000
ω-3	−0.440	−0.576	0.877^**	0.149	1.000
C20∶4(6)(AA)	−0.038	−0.465	0.588	0.995^***	0.132	1.000
C20∶5(3)(EPA)	−0.398	0.146	0.165	−0.353	0.427	−0.302	1.000
C22∶6(3)(DHA)	−0.346	−0.671	0.891^**	0.299	0.923^***	0.264	0.056	1.000
EPA+DHA	−0.442	−0.588	0.885^**	0.178	0.992^***	0.160	0.345	0.957^***	1.000
注：^有良好的相关性(相关系数0.800＞$\scriptstyle\left\| r \right\|$＞0.700)；^显著相关(相关系数0.900＞$\scriptstyle\left\| r \right\|$＞0.800)；^*极显著相关(相关系数1.0000＞$\scriptstyle\left\| r \right\|$＞0.900)。 Note: represent correlation coefficient=0.800＞$\scriptstyle\left\| r \right\|$＞0.700; represent significant correlation with correlation coefficient=0.900＞$\scriptstyle\left\| r \right\|$＞0.800; and, *represent extremely significant correlation with correlation coefficient=1.0000＞$\scriptstyle\left\| r \right\|$＞0.900.

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