炭化温度和时间对不同废菌棒生物炭结构性质的影响

李思苇; SarfrazRubab; 杨文浩; 毛艳玲; 周碧青; 邢世和

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.015

炭化温度和时间对不同废菌棒生物炭结构性质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.015

李思苇^1,,
SarfrazRubab¹,
杨文浩^{1, 2, ,},
毛艳玲^{1, 2},
周碧青^{1, 2},
邢世和^{1, 2}

1.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
土壤生态系统健康与调控福建省高校重点实验室，福建　福州　350002

基金项目: 福建省重大科技专项（2017NZ0001）；福建农林大学杰出青年基金项目(XJQ201628）

详细信息

作者简介:
李思苇（1993−），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：农业废弃物资源化利用（E-mail：578430676@qq.com）

通讯作者:
杨文浩（1988−），男，博士，研究方向：土壤生物化学研究（E-mail：whyang@fafu.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 141.9；X 712
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-12
- 修回日期: 2019-08-21
- 刊出日期: 2019-10-01

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Time on Structure of Biochar Made from Discarded Mushroom Stems

LI Si-wei^1
,,
Sarfraz Rubab¹,
YANG Wen-hao^{1, 2
, ,},
MAO Yan-ling^{1, 2},
ZHOU Bi-qing^{1, 2},
XING Shi-he^{1, 2}

1.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulations, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的生物炭的表面性质与其表面的官能团密切相关，探讨不同制备条件对不同材料废菌棒生物炭结构特征的影响可为废菌棒的资源化有效利用提供依据。方法以海鲜菇、秀珍菇、银耳的废菌棒为生物质原料，采用限氧裂解法在不同温度（400、500、600、700℃）和不同时间（1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 h）下制备生物炭，采用傅里叶红外光谱法（FTIR）对不同废菌棒生物炭结构性质进行表征。结果随着炭化温度的升高和炭化时间的延长，3种菌棒生物炭蛋白质中C=O、C-N、纤维素中C-O-C、脂肪烃中-CH₃和-CH₂基团的相对含量都随之减少；苯环中的C-H官能团相对含量随之减少，C-C官能团相对含量随之增大，且在700℃，炭化3.0 h条件下达到最大。在相同制备条件下，海鲜菇菌棒生物炭含氧官能团吸收峰峰强最强，银耳菌棒生物炭最弱；秀珍菇菌棒生物炭苯环C-C吸收峰峰强最强，银耳菌棒生物炭最弱。结论随着炭化温度的升高和炭化时间的延长，生物炭中的蛋白质、多糖和脂肪酸等有机物质逐渐分解，烷基基团缺失，而芳香结构逐渐形成，在700℃，炭化3.0 h条件下生物炭结构最稳定。在3种菌棒生物炭中，海鲜菇菌棒生物炭对于重金属或有机污染物的吸附能力可能最强，秀珍菇菌棒生物炭施入土壤后固碳效果可能最好。
- FTIR /
- 废菌棒 /
- 生物炭 /
- 炭化温度 /
- 炭化时间
Abstract: Objective The surface property, which closely relates to the functionality, of biochar made from discarded mushroom stems under varied pyrolysis temperature and time was studied. Method Waste of edible mushrooms including Hypsizygus marmoreus , Pleurotus geesteranus , and Tremella fuciformis was processed under oxygen-limited pyrolysis at 400℃, 500℃, 600℃ or 700℃ for 1.5 h, 2.0 h, 2.5 h or 3.0 h. The structure property of the resulting biochar samples was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Result The increasing pyrolysis temperature and time reduced the relative contents of C=O and C-N in the proteins, C-O-C in the celluloses, and C-H functional groups in the benzene rings of the raw material, while raised the relative contents of C-C functional groups in the benzene rings reaching a maximum when processed at 700℃ for 3.0 h. Among the 3 biochar samples obtained under same pyrolysis conditions, the maximum absorption by the oxygen functional groups of H. marmoreus biochar was the highest, and that of T. fuciformis the lowest; whereas, that by the C-C functional groups in the benzene rings of P. geesteranus biochar was the highest, and T. fuciformis biochar the lowest. Conclusion Increased pyrolysis temperature and time decomposed the organic substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and fatty acids in the raw mushroom material, diminished the alkyls, and formed aromatics in the biochar. Processed under 700℃/3.0 h pyrolysis, the biochar attained a stable structure. As indicated by the analytical results, the H. marmoreus biochar was expected to be most effective among the 3 materials in removing heavy metals or organic pollutants, and the P. geesteranus biochar in carbon-sequestrating in soil.
- FTIR /
- discarded mushroom stem /
- biochar /
- pyrolysis temperature /
- pyrolysis time

HTML全文

图 1 不同炭化温度下海鲜菇生物炭的FTIR图谱

Figure 1. FTIR spectrum of H. marmoreus biochar made under various pyrolysis temperatures

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图 2 不同炭化温度下秀珍菇生物炭的FTIR图谱

Figure 2. FTIR spectrum of P. geesteranus biochar made under various pyrolysis temperatures

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图 3 不同炭化温度下银耳生物炭的FTIR图谱

Figure 3. FTIR spectrum of T . fuciformis biochar made under various pyrolysis temperatures

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表 1 不同炭化温度和时间下海鲜菇生物炭吸收峰的相对强度

Table 1. Relative intensity of absorption peak of H. marmoreus biochar made under various pyrolysis temperatures and times

温度 Temperature /℃	时间 Time /h	吸收峰相对强度 Absorption peak relative intensity
温度 Temperature /℃	时间 Time /h	3 737 cm⁻¹	3 433 cm⁻¹	1 691 cm⁻¹	1 635 cm⁻¹	1 558 cm⁻¹	1 458 cm⁻¹	1 425 cm⁻¹	1 388 cm⁻¹	1 317 cm⁻¹	1 040 cm⁻¹	875 cm⁻¹	785 cm⁻¹	671 cm⁻¹
400	1.5	0.027	0.047	—	0.013	0.052	0.025	0.023	0.024	0.031	0.028	—	0.023	0.038
	2.0	0.020	0.011	—	0.110	0.056	0.033	0.033	0.031	0.052	0.025	—	0.021	0.005
	2.5	0.024	0.051	—	0.170	0.061	0.041	0.038	0.037	0.067	0.041	—	0.031	0.038
	3.0	0.012	0.051	—	0.179	0.063	0.041	0.038	0.037	0.063	0.041	—	0.031	0.038
500	1.5	0.012	0.014	—	0.011	—	0.043	—	—	—	0.014	0.007	0.004	0.024
	2.0	0.022	0.052	—	0.108	—	0.086	—	—	0.020	0.039	0.013	0.017	0.032
	2.5	0.010	0.047	—	0.063	—	0.061	—	—	0.023	0.031	0.008	0.008	0.024
	3.0	0.007	0.025	—	0.026	—	0.031	—	—	0.007	0.015	0.004	0.004	0.022
600	1.5	0.014	0.039	—	0.023	—	0.053	—	—	—	0.023	0.007	0.002	0.025
	2.0	0.038	—	—	0.023	—	0.052	—	—	—	0.008	0.006	0.002	0.029
	2.5	0.026	0.031	—	0.031	—	0.061	—	—	—	0.025	0.008	0.005	0.028
	3.0	0.005	0.026	—	—	—	0.099	—	—	—	0.029	0.018	0.004	0.004
700	1.5	0.017	0.017	0.009	0.013	—	0.037	—	—	—	0.013	0.005	0.002	0.028
	2.0	0.075	0.047	0.010	0.020	—	0.061	—	—	—	0.025	0.010	0.002	0.025
	2.5	0.021	0.046	0.014	0.024	—	0.059	—	—	—	0.019	0.008	0.002	0.028
	3.0	0.038	0.048	0.023	0.031	—	0.130	—	—	—	0.047	0.020	0.005	0.025

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表 2 不同炭化温度和时间下秀珍菇生物炭吸收峰的相对强度

Table 2. Relative intensity of absorption peak of P. geesteranus biochar made under various pyrolysis temperatures and times

温度 Temperature /℃	时间 Time /h	吸收峰相对强度 Absorption peak relative intensity
温度 Temperature /℃	时间 Time /h	3 743 cm⁻¹	3 435 cm⁻¹	1 691 cm⁻¹	1 635 cm⁻¹	1 547 cm⁻¹	1 433 cm⁻¹	1 319 cm⁻¹	1 110 cm⁻¹	1 051 cm⁻¹	875 cm⁻¹	786 cm⁻¹	673 cm⁻¹	472 cm⁻¹
400	1.5	0.017	0.051	—	0.089	—	0.070	0.037	—	0.016	0.004	0.012	0.008	0.004
	2.0	0.040	0.034	—	0.112	—	0.100	0.053	—	0.025	0.014	0.015	—	—
	2.5	0.011	0.048	—	0.154	—	0.069	0.060	—	0.033	0.006	0.019	0.100	0.009
	3.0	0.058	0.028	—	0.125	—	0.150	0.041	—	0.027	0.033	0.011	0.009	0.009
500	1.5	0.007	0.048	—	0.024	—	0.021	—	0.100	0.010	0.002	0.003	0.020	0.004
	2.0	0.018	0.039	—	0.026	—	0.087	0.016	0.015	0.019	0.010	0.005	0.003	0.004
	2.5	0.021	0.039	—	0.066	—	0.089	0.027	0.032	0.047	0.006	0.007	0.005	0.015
	3.0	0.004	0.060	—	0.070	—	0.070	0.010	0.070	0.106	0.012	0.009	0.012	0.034
600	1.5	0.047	—	0.034	0.027	0.063	0.071	—	—	0.006	0.010	0.001	0.014	0.003
	2.0	0.051	0.015	0.040	0.040	0.068	0.071	—	—	0.012	0.012	0.001	0.016	0.004
	2.5	0.019	0.031	0.023	0.000	0.038	0.052	—	—	0.029	0.008	0.001	0.005	0.007
	3.0	0.190	0.064	0.001	0.054	0.052	0.099	—	—	0.057	0.014	0.003	0.004	0.015
700	1.5	0.025	0.059	0.020	0.032	0.040	0.070	—	—	0.037	0.012	0.003	0.004	0.01
	2.0	0.013	0.041	0.005	0.030	0.032	0.081	—	—	0.036	0.012	0.002	0.005	0.008
	2.5	0.006	0.032	0.003	0.017	0.007	0.079	—	—	0.030	0.014	0.001	0.001	0.015
	3.0	0.016	0.063	0.002	0.032	—	0.230	—	—	0.066	0.030	0.004	0.001	0.150

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表 3 不同炭化温度和时间下银耳生物炭吸收峰的相对强度

Table 3. Relative intensity of absorption peak of T . fuciformis biochar made under various pyrolysis temperatures and times

温度 Temperature /℃	时间 Time /h	吸收峰相对强度 Absorption peak relative intensity
温度 Temperature /℃	时间 Time /h	3 737 cm⁻¹	3 617 cm⁻¹	3 433 cm⁻¹	1 741 cm⁻¹	1 691 cm⁻¹	1 643 cm⁻¹	1 540 cm⁻¹	1 520 cm⁻¹	1 460 cm⁻¹	1 420 cm⁻¹	1 100 cm⁻¹	669 cm⁻¹	598 cm⁻¹
400	1.5	0.034	0.019	0.011	—	0.047	0.047	0.060	—	0.035	—	0.012	0.009	0.008
	2.0	0.039	0.021	0.019	—	0.074	0.078	0.088	—	0.054	—	0.028	0.006	0.008
	2.5	0.029	0.016	0.013	—	0.043	0.044	0.054	—	0.029	—	0.013	0.008	0.006
	3.0	0.045	0.023	0.005	—	0.052	0.052	0.070	—	0.036	—	0.014	0.012	0.007
500	1.5	0.043	0.021	0.016	—	0.067	0.072	0.089	0.083	0.049	0.041	0.024	0.005	0.009
	2.0	0.052	0.027	0.015	—	0.060	0.061	0.081	0.081	0.040	0.030	0.013	0.004	0.004
	2.5	0.031	0.016	0.016	—	0.042	0.053	0.077	0.071	0.047	0.045	0.030	0.009	0.009
	3.0	0.037	0.018	0.018	—	0.060	0.064	0.073	0.070	0.043	0.040	0.027	0.011	0.009
600	1.5	0.021	0.008	0.003	0.006	0.016	0.017	0.029	0.028	0.012	0.010	0.010	0.014	0.007
	2.0	0.039	0.018	0.001	0.015	0.027	0.023	0.045	0.047	0.019	0.013	0.007	0.012	0.006
	2.5	0.042	0.019	0.003	0.020	0.041	0.040	0.060	0.060	0.029	0.021	0.012	0.006	0.007
	3.0	0.045	0.024	0.007	0.018	0.032	0.028	0.049	0.052	0.023	0.016	0.010	0.011	0.007
700	1.5	0.054	0.027	0.006	0.023	0.037	0.031	0.059	0.061	0.029	0.020	0.012	0.006	0.008
	2.0	0.046	0.025	0.004	0.022	0.034	0.027	0.058	0.027	0.027	0.018	0.012	0.011	0.006
	2.5	0.043	0.022	0.007	0.019	0.030	0.025	0.051	0.050	0.023	0.015	0.011	0.013	0.007
	3.0	0.023	0.012	0.010	0.005	0.011	0.010	0.027	0.029	0.013	0.010	0.014	0.021	0.020

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