高产高淀粉木薯新品种桂热11号的选育

周时艺; 俞奔驰; 宋恩亮; 雷开文; 马崇熙; 卢赛清; 韦丽君

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.002

高产高淀粉木薯新品种桂热11号的选育

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.002.002

广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所，广西　南宁　530001

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1001100）；广西科技计划项目（桂科AB1850037）；广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目（桂农科2021YT149）

详细信息

作者简介:
周时艺（1992−），女，硕士，研究实习员，主要从事木薯栽培与管理研究（E-mail：248981897@qq.com）

通讯作者:
韦丽君（1979−），女，博士，高级农艺师，主要从事木薯育种研究（E-mail：weilijun2002@126.com）

中图分类号: S 889+.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-05
- 修回日期: 2022-01-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-25

Breeding of High-yield, High-starch Cassava, Guire No. 11

Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi　530001, China

摘要

摘要: 目的选育高产、高淀粉、广适性的鲜食加工兼用型双高木薯杂交新品种。方法以高产低粉的新选048为母本，高产高粉、低氢氰酸的桂热891为父本，采用人工开花调控技术进行诱导并杂交获得F1代，经单株评选试验、各级系比试验和生产性试验，鉴定、筛选出优良品种桂热11号。结果在生产性试验中，桂热11号平均鲜薯产量39.68 t·hm⁻²，分别比对照华南205（SC205）和华南9（SC9）增产28.38%、52.03%，其鲜薯淀粉含量32.4%，比对照SC205高3.7百分点，与SC9相持平；桂热11号干物质率40.70%，比SC205高4.7个百分点；氢氰酸含量低，平均为22.2 mg·kg⁻¹ 。桂热11号鲜薯含蛋白质0.75 g·hg⁻¹ 、总糖1.50 g·hg⁻¹ 、粗纤维1.00%、维生素C 37.20 mg·hg⁻¹、胡萝卜素123 μg·hg⁻¹，于2020年11月3日通过“热带作物品种”审定（热品审2020002）。结论桂热11号高产高淀粉，氢氰酸含量低，适应性广，是丰产稳产性好的鲜食加工兼用型优良品种，具有耐旱耐寒和较抗螨、不易落叶等特点，适合在广西、海南和江西等木薯主产区推广种植。
- 木薯 /
- 桂热11号 /
- 产量 /
- 品质 /
- 品种选育
Abstract: Objective A high-yield, high-starch, wide-adaptability cassava cultivar was bred in Guangxi province for fresh consumption or further processing. Method A newly bred F1 progeny of crossing between the high-yield, low-starch Xinxuan 048 as female parent and the high-yield, high-starch, 1ow-hydrocyanic acid Guire 891 as male parent was generated by artificial pollination and induction. After seedling selection and a series of primary, intermediate, and advanced tests as well as regional and production trials, Guire No. 11 (GR11) was selected. Result As shown in the production trial, GR11 delivered an average tuber yield of 39.68 t·hm⁻², which was 28.38% and 52.03% higher than SC No. 205 and SC No. 9, respectively. The tubers had a starch content of 32.4%, which was 3.7% higher than SC No. 205 and same as SC No. 9; a dry matters content of 40.7%, which was 4.7% higher than SC No. 205; an HCN content of 22.2 mg·kg⁻¹ (based on FW); a rich content of nutrients (based on FW), such as 0.75 g·hg⁻¹ on protein, 1.5 g·hg⁻¹ on total sugar, 1.0% on crude fiber, 37.2 mg·hg⁻¹ on vitamin C, and 123 μg·hg⁻¹ on carotene. The new cultivar received the tropical crop variety certification on November 3, 2020. Conclusion The high and stable yield GR11 with wide adaptability was resistant to drought, cold, and mites, and its leaves did not fall off easily. It could be adequately cultivated in current cassava-producing areas in Guangxi, Hainan, and Jiangxi provinces for either fresh consumption, further processing, or as a raw material for manufacturing starch products.
- Cassava /
- Guire No.11 /
- yield /
- quality /
- breeding selection

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图 1 SSR6（A）和SSR10（B）标记在8个木薯品种（系）中扩增指纹图谱

Figure 1. Amplified fingerprints of SSR6 (A) and SSR10 (B) in 8 cassava cultivars (lines) with molecular markers

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表 1 2015–2017年GR11高级系比试验

Table 1. Advanced performance trail results on GR11 in 2015-2017

年份 Year	品种 Variety	鲜薯产量 Fresh root yield/（t·hm⁻²）				比对照增产 Increasing rate/%		淀粉含量 Starch content/%
年份 Year	品种 Variety	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	平均 Average	SC205 （CK）	SC9 （CK）	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	平均 Average
2015	GR11	33.91	39.50	35.86	36.42±1.6 a	86.31	71.48	26.3	25.3	27.0	26.2±0.5 a
	SC205（CK）	20.80	18.60	19.25	19.55±0.7 b	−	−	20.7	20.5	19.0	20.1±0.5 b
	SC9（CK）	21.39	20.34	21.99	21.24±0.5 b	−	−	27.1	28.1	27.6	27.6±0.3 a
2016	GR11	36.40	35.42	48.12	39.98±4.1 a	92.12	76.20	29.0	28.3	29.8	29.0±0.4 a
	SC205（CK）	21.53	19.79	21.10	20.81±0.5 b	−	−	25.8	25.6	26.0	25.8±0.1 c
	SC9（CK）	21.80	23.05	23.23	22.69±0.4 b	−	−	27.0	26.8	27.5	27.1±0.2 b
2017	GR11	37.90	38.27	42.35	39.51±1.4 a	38.52	72.74	27.4	28.9	30.9	29.1±1.0 a
	SC205（CK）	24.42	29.87	31.26	28.52±2.1 b	−	−	26.5	25.9	26.5	26.3±0.2 b
	SC9（CK）	24.82	23.46	20.34	22.87±1.3 b	−	−	26.7	27.2	26.4	26.8±0.2 b
注：（1）表中不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。（2）“-”表示此项无。 Note: (1)Different lowercase letters in the table indicate significant differences at 0.05 levels in Duncan test.(2)"-"indicates that this item is absent.

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表 2 2017–2018年GR11区域性试验

Table 2. Regional trail results on GR11 in 2017–2018

年份 Year	试验地点 Site	鲜薯产量 Fresh root yield/（t·hm⁻²）			比对照增产 Increasing rate/%		淀粉含量 Starch content/%
年份 Year	试验地点 Site	GR11	SC205（CK）	SC9（CK）	SC205（CK）	SC9（CK）	GR11	SC205（CK）	SC9（CK）
2017	南宁 Nanning	39.36	19.68	22.87	100.00	72.10	29.1	26.2	26.8
2018	南宁 Nanning	40.47	28.52	23.36	41.90	73.24	29.4	26.3	27.7
平均 Average		39.92	24.10	23.12	70.95	72.67	29.3	26.3	27.3
2017	武鸣 Wuming	42.46	39.59	29.20	7.25	45.41	27.9	25.3	27.6
2018	武鸣 Wuming	41.51	37.23	26.38	11.50	57.35	29.2	26.5	28.6
平均 Average		41.99	38.41	27.79	9.37	51.38	28.6	25.9	28.1
2017	桂平 Guiping	41.30	34.43	23.34	19.95	76.95	30.0	27.2	29.7
2018	桂平 Guiping	41.61	37.51	21.53	10.93	93.27	28.4	26.6	28.3
平均 Average		41.46	35.97	22.44	15.44	85.11	29.2	26.9	29.0
2017	南昌 Nanchang	43.54	39.47	24.73	10.31	76.06	29.9	27.8	29.2
2018	南昌 Nanchang	42.27	38.19	27.73	10.68	52.43	30.2	28.2	28.5
平均 Average		42.91	38.83	26.23	10.50	64.25	30.1	28.0	28.9
2017	白沙 Baisha	39.29	35.39	28.33	11.02	38.69	28.5	26.2	28.0
2018	白沙 Baisha	40.38	36.22	28.31	11.49	42.64	29.1	25.9	27.8
平均 Average		39.84	35.81	28.32	11.25	40.66	28.8	26.1	27.9

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表 3 2018–2019年GR11生产性试验

Table 3. Production trail results on GR11 in 2018–2019

年份 Year	试验点 Site	鲜薯产量 Fresh root yield/（t·hm⁻²）			比对照增产 Increasing rate/%
年份 Year	试验点 Site	GR11	SC205（CK）	SC9（CK）	SC205（CK）	SC9（CK）
2018	南宁 Nanning	40.76	28.28	22.02	44.13	85.10
2019	南宁 Nanning	42.24	31.17	31.95	35.51	32.21
平均 Average		41.50	29.73	26.99	39.82	58.66
2018	武鸣 Wuming	42.36	38.68	24.86	9.51	70.39
2019	武鸣 Wuming	41.78	32.04	32.82	30.40	27.30
平均 Average		42.07	35.36	28.84	19.96	48.85
2018	桂平 Guiping	36.39	32.52	22.34	11.90	62.89
2019	桂平 Guiping	39.38	32.07	29.81	22.79	32.10
平均 Average		37.89	32.30	26.08	17.35	47.50
2018	南昌 Nanchang	41.73	29.06	22.02	43.60	89.51
2019	南昌 Nanchang	27.60	17.55	17.37	57.26	58.89
平均 Average		34.67	23.31	19.70	50.43	74.20
2018	白沙 Baisha	41.19	35.21	27.95	16.98	47.37
2019	白沙 Baisha	43.34	32.48	29.84	33.44	45.24
平均 Average		42.27	33.85	28.90	25.21	46.31

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表 4 2018–2019年GR11与对照SC205的淀粉和干物质率对比结果

Table 4. Contents of starch and dry matters of GR11 and SC205 tested in 2018–2019

年份 Year	试验点 Site	淀粉含量 Starch content/（g·hg⁻¹ ）		干物质率 Dry matter content/%		氢氰酸 HCN/（mg·kg⁻¹ ）
年份 Year	试验点 Site	GR11	SC205（CK）	GR11	SC205（CK）	GR11	SC205（CK）
2018	南昌 Nanchang	30.3	26.9	39.6	34.6	20.5	-
2019	桂平 Guiping	34.5	30.5	41.8	37.5	23.9	-
注：“-”表示未测定，下同。 Note: “-” indicates that this item is not measured, the same below.

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表 5 2015–2019年GR11鲜薯产量及淀粉含量

Table 5. Tuber yield and starch content of GR11 tested in 2015-2019

年份 Year	鲜薯产量 Fresh root yield/（t·hm⁻²）			比对照增产 Increasing rate/%		淀粉含量 Starch content/%
年份 Year	GR11	SC205（CK）	SC9（CK）	SC205（CK）	SC9（CK）	GR11	SC205（CK）	SC9（CK）
2015	36.42	19.55	21.24	86.29	71.47	26.2	20.1	27.6
2016	39.98	20.81	22.69	92.12	76.20	29.0	25.8	27.1
2017	40.35	31.12	24.28	29.68	66.19	29.1	26.0	27.2
2018	40.77	34.14	24.65	19.42	65.40	29.8	26.8	-
2019	38.87	29.06	28.36	33.76	37.06	34.5	30.5	-
平均Average	39.28	26.94	24.24	45.83	62.01	29.7	25.8	27.3

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表 6 桂热11号分子指纹模式图谱

Table 6. Molecular fingerprints of GR11

编号 Number	品种 Variety	引物SSR6 Primer SSR6		引物SSR10 Primer SSR10
编号 Number	品种 Variety	a	b	a	b
1	SC9	◆	◆	−	◆
2	SC205	−	◆	◆	−
3	GR891	−	◆	◆	−
4	NZ199	−	◆	◆	−
5	XX048	◆	◆	◆	◆
6	GR11	−	◆	◆	◆
7	GR10	−	◆	−	◆
8	561	◆	◆	−	◆
注：“◆”表示该位点有特征条带，“−”表示该位点无条带。 Note: “◆” indicates loci with characteristic bands; “−” loci without bands.

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表 7 2017–2019年GR11抗逆性表现

Table 7. Stress resistance of GR11 shown in 2017–2019

抗逆性 Stress resistance	2017			2018			2019
抗逆性 Stress resistance	GR11	SC205	SC9	GR11	SC205	SC9	GR11	SC205	SC9
耐寒性 Cold tolerance	S	M	M	S	M	M	S	M	M
耐旱性 Drought tolerance	S	M	M	S	M	M	S	M	M
细菌性枯萎病抗性 Resistance to bacterial blight	S	R	R	S	R	R	S	R	R
朱砂叶螨抗性 Resistance to tetranychus cinnabarinus	MR	S	R	MR	S	R	MR	S	R
注：（1）M-耐寒性、耐旱性中等；（2）S-耐寒性、耐旱性强；（3）S-细菌性枯萎病、朱砂叶螨感病；（4）R-抗细菌性枯萎病、朱砂叶螨病；（5）MR-中抗细菌性枯萎病、朱砂叶螨。 Note: (1) M: moderate cold and drought tolerance. (2) S: strong cold and drought tolerance. (3) S: susceptible to bacterial blight and Tetranychus cinnabarinus infestation. (4) R: resistant to bacterial blight and T. cinnabarinus infestation. (5) MR: moderately resistant to bacterial blight and T. cinnabarinus infestation.

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