三种肥料对巨菌草修复镉污染土壤的效果研究

罗泉达

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.016

三种肥料对巨菌草修复镉污染土壤的效果研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.003.016

罗泉达

福建省农业生态环境与能源技术推广总站，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福建省蔬菜产业重大农技推广服务试点项目（KNJ152025）

详细信息

作者简介:
罗泉达（1978−），男，硕士，高级农艺师，主要从事农业生态环境研究（E-mail：nytlqd@163.com）

中图分类号: X 53
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-14
- 修回日期: 2021-12-12
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-28

Fertilizer-enhanced Phytoextraction of Pennisetum sinese Roxb on Cadmium in Soil

LUO Quanda

Agricultural Ecology Environment and Resource Station of Fujian, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨施用不同肥料条件下，巨菌草对镉（Cd）污染农田土壤的野外实际修复效果。方法以矿区周边Cd污染农田土壤为对象进行田间试验，设置对照（CK）、氯化铵（NH₄Cl）、氯化钾（KCl）、尿素[CO(NH₂)₂]等4个处理，肥料用量为0.6 kg·m⁻²，分析不同处理下巨菌草对土壤Cd吸收富集的影响。结果 NH₄Cl和KCl处理均能显著增加巨菌草叶片Cd含量（P＜0.05），而CO(NH₂)₂处理对巨菌草Cd含量的影响不显著。巨菌草生长150 d时，NH₄Cl、CO(NH₂)₂和KCl处理均显著提高巨菌草地上部的生物量（P＜0.05）；对照处理下，巨菌草地上部Cd提取量为6.52 mg·株⁻¹，NH₄Cl、CO(NH₂)₂和KCl处理使地上部Cd提取量分别增加了70.19%、43.58%和59.05%，NH₄Cl处理显著提高巨菌草对Cd的迁移系数和生物富集系数。NH₄Cl、CO(NH₂)₂和KCl处理均提高了巨菌草对Cd提取速率，缩短对Cd污染土壤的修复年限。以150 d作为收获周期（一年收获2茬），NH₄Cl处理使土壤Cd含量降低至国家农用地土壤污染风险筛选值（pH≤5.5，Cd≤0.3 mg·kg⁻¹）所需的理论修复时间最短，为9.07年。此外，巨菌草在90～150 d期间对Cd的平均提取速率是1～90 d生长期间的1.13～2.58倍。结论建议以150 d作为收获周期（一年收获2茬），NH₄Cl可作为巨菌草提取土壤Cd的强化剂。
- 巨菌草 /
- 镉 /
- 肥料 /
- 田间试验 /
- 提取速率
Abstract: Objective Enhancing effect of chemical fertilizers on the phytoextraction of king grass (Pennisetum sinese Roxb) on cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soil were evaluated. Method Chemical fertilizers, i.e., NH₄Cl, KCl, and CO(NH₂)₂, at the rate of 0.6 kg·m⁻² were applied, along with control, to the soil nearby a cadmium-contaminated mining field for the experimentation. Result The fertilizations significantly increased the aboveground biomass of the king grass in 150 d (P＜0.05). The addition of NH₄Cl or KCl raised the Cd concentration in the grass leaves (P＜0.05), but CO(NH₂)₂ showed no significant effect. Comparing with control, which had a Cd-accumulation in grass leaves of 6.52 mg·plant⁻¹, NH₄Cl increased the accumulation by 70.19%, CO(NH₂)₂ by 43.58%, and KCl by 59.05%. The NH₄Cl addition significantly rose the coefficients of Cd transfer from land and bioconcentration in grass. Significantly, these fertilizers improved the efficiency of Cd removal from soil by king grass reducing the time for the pollution remediation. The Cd-removal in 90-150 d was 1.13-2.58 times greater than that in 1-90 d. It was estimated that a 150 d harvest cycle and twice a year on king grass planted in the Cd-contaminated field fertilized with NH₄Cl could turn the soil to meet the minimum national safety requirements of pH≤5.5 and Cd≤0.3 mg·kg⁻¹ in 9.07 years. Conclusion It was recommended twice a year of 150 d harvest cycle with NH₄Cl-fertilization be applied on the Cd-contaminated soil to mitigate the pollution in soil.
- King grass (Pennisetum sinese Roxb) /
- cadmium /
- fertilizer /
- field experimentation /
- removal efficiency

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图 1 不同处理土壤pH和有效态镉含量变化

注：不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P＜0.05），下同。

Figure 1. pH (A) and DTPA-extractable Cd (B) in soil under fertilizer treatments after king grass harvest

Note: Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P＜0.05). Same for the following figures.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同处理下巨菌草各部位的干重

Figure 2. Dry weights of tissues from king grass grown on soil treated by different fertilizers

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同处理下巨菌草各部位Cd含量

Figure 3. Cd concentration in tissues of king grass grown on soil treated by different fertilizers

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同处理对巨菌草镉提取量的影响

Figure 4. Effect of treatments on Cd-extraction of king grass based on Cd contents in leaves and roots of plants grown on soil treated by different fertilizers

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同处理对Cd在土壤-巨菌草体系中的转移系数和富集系数的影响

Table 1. Coefficients of transfer and bioconcentration between soil and king grass under different fertilizer treatments

处理 Treatments	90 d			150 d
处理 Treatments	TF	TF′	BCF_DTPA	TF	TF′	BCF_DTPA
CK	0.73±0.01 b	4.10±0.22 c	2.17±0.11 b	0.46±0.02 b	5.08±0.44 b	2.25±0.07 b
NH₄Cl	1.09±0.02 a	7.29±1.44 a	2.35±0.10 ab	0.57±0.02 a	8.94±0.38 a	4.13±0.17 a
CO(NH₂)₂	0.71±0.02 b	6.09±0.33 b	2.38±0.09 a	0.44±0.02 b	7.77±0.66 a	2.17±0.08 b
KCl	0.57±0.03 c	3.93±1.35 c	1.96±0.08 c	0.37±0.02 c	5.86±0.44 b	3.96±0.11 a
注：同列不同字母表示不同处理间存在显著性差异（P＜0.05）。 Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant difference at P＜0.05.

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表 2 不同处理巨菌草对Cd污染土壤的修复年限和提取速率

Table 2. Time and extraction rate of Cd-removal from soil by king grass under different fertilizer treatments

处理 Treatments	修复年限 The time for remediation/a				株提取速率 The rate of extraction/（mg·a⁻¹）
	全量基准 Based on soil total Cd content		有效量基准 Based on DTPA-Cd		1～90 d	1～150 d	90～150 d
	90 d	150 d	90 d	150 d	1～90 d	1～150 d	90～150 d
CK	15.21	15.49	9.08	9.15	13.32	15.60	19.08
NH₄Cl	10.25	9.07	7.33	6.42	19.92	26.64	36.72
CO(NH₂)₂	12.61	10.78	7.57	6.26	16.08	22.44	32.16
KCl	13.32	9.73	7.4	5.37	15.24	24.96	39.36

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