不同栽培原料对灵芝生长及其子实体营养品质的影响

刘艳玲; 刘朋虎; 李晶; 王彤; 齐彬; 林冬梅; 林占熺

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.008

不同栽培原料对灵芝生长及其子实体营养品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.008

刘艳玲^{1, 2,},
刘朋虎¹,
李晶¹,
王彤²,
齐彬²,
林冬梅¹,
林占熺^1, ,

1.
国家菌草工程技术研究中心，福建　福州　350010
2.
福建农林大学生命科学学院，福建　福州　350010

基金项目: 福建农林大学学科交叉融合发展先导专项（XKJC-712021030）；福建省科技计划重大专项（2021NZ029009）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘艳玲（1981−），女，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：食药用菌栽培（E-mial：yanlingl@fafu.edu.cn）

通讯作者:
林占熺（1943−），男，研究员，研究方向：菌草应用与推广（E-mial：wenzilyla@126.com）

中图分类号: S 567.31
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-15
- 修回日期: 2022-04-09
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Growth and Chemical Composition of Ganoderma lucidum as Affected by Cultivation Substrates

LIU Yanling^{1, 2
,},
LIU Penghu¹,
LI Jing¹,
WANG Tong²,
QI Bin²,
LIN Dongmei¹,
LIN Zhanxi^{1
, ,}

1.
National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fuzhou, Fujian　350010, China
2.
Life Science College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350010, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨菌草栽培灵芝的理论依据和实践模式。方法分别以木屑、五节芒、芒萁、巨菌草等为栽培原料熟料袋式栽培灵芝，研究灵芝菌丝满袋时间、原基形成时间、生物转化率及营养成分，比较不同菌草和木屑栽培灵芝生长情况。采用国标通用方法对灵芝子实体营养成分、氨基酸成分和重金属含量进行测定，比较不同栽培原料对灵芝子实体营养成分的影响。结果 4种配方的菌丝满袋时间和原基形成时间无显著差异，配方C（五节芒48%、芒萁30%、麦麸20%、石膏2%）子实体产量（27.03g）和生物转化率（13.52%）均略高于对照组（A配方即木屑配方），但无显著性差异；配方B（五节芒78%、麦麸20%、石膏2%）和配方D（芒萁30%、巨菌草48%、麦麸20%、石膏2%）粗蛋白显著高于木屑配方（P＜0.05），配方C粗蛋白含量略高于木屑配方，但无显著性差异；配方C多糖含量（12.01 mg·g⁻¹）、三萜含量（1.01 mg·g⁻¹）高于对照组木屑配方（10.2 mg·g⁻¹、0.80 mg·g⁻¹）；4种配方子实体中的氨基酸总量基本一致，且4种配方子实体重金属含量均符合国家标准以及绿色食品标准。结论菌草作为灵芝栽培基质与木屑作为灵芝栽培基质相比具有成本低、来源足等优越性，为菌草栽培灵芝提供了理论依据。
- 灵芝 /
- 菌草配方 /
- 子实体 /
- 营养成分 /
- 重金属
Abstract: Objective Growth and chemical composition of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum cultivated with varied substrates were studied. Method Sawdust,Miscantuus floridulus, Dicranopteris dichotomy, and/or Gaint Juncao grass were used as the main ingredients in formulating substrates for cultivating G. lucidum in bags. The hyphae filling time, biotransformation rate, and contents of nutrients and heavy metals in fruiting bodies were compared between the experimental and the conventional sawdust cultivations. Nutrients and heavy metals in fruiting body were determined using the national standard methods. Result No significant difference in the time taken for hyphae to fill the bag or primordium formation due to substrate formulation differentiation was observed. The fruiting body yield of 27.03 g and biotransformation rate of 13.52% under Formula C that consisted of 48% M. floridulus, 30% of D. dichotomy, 20% of wheat bran, and 2% of gypsum were slightly, but not significantly, higher than those of control. Under Formula B (78% M. floridulus, 20% wheat bran, and 2% gypsum) or Formula D (30% D. dichotomy, 48% giant Juncao, 20% wheat bran, and 2% gypsum), the fruiting bodies harvested had significantly higher crude protein than control (P＜0.05), but not under Formula C. The content of 12.01 mg·g⁻¹ on polysaccharides and 1.01 mg·g⁻¹ on triterpene in the fruiting bodies grown on Formula C (48% M. floridulus, 30% D. dichotomy, 20% wheat bran, and 2% gypsum) were significantly higher than those of control at 10.20 mg·g⁻¹ and 0.80 mg·g⁻¹, respectively. The differently formulated substrates resulted in basically same amounts of amino acids in the mushrooms but below the safety limits of heavy metals according to the National Food Safety Standards and Green Food Standards. Conclusion Juncao appeared to provide significant advantages as a substrate for G. lucidum cultivation over sawdust.
- Ganoderma lucidum /
- Juncao formula /
- fruiting body /
- nutritional components /
- heavy metals

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表 1 栽培基质配方

Table 1. Differently formulated substrates for G. lucidum cultivation

配方编号 Formulation No.	杂木屑 Sawdust/%	五节芒 Miscantuus floridulus/%	芒萁 Dicranopteris dichotomy/%	巨菌草 Gaint juncao/%	麸皮 Bran/%	石膏 Gypsum/%
A（CK）	78	—	—	—	20	2
B	—	78	—	—	20	2
C	—	48	30	—	20	2
D	—	—	30	48	20	2

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表 2 不同配方栽培料对灵芝生长的影响

Table 2. Effect of differently formulated substrates on growth of G. lucidum

测定指标 Measurement index	木屑配方 Formula A	五节芒配方 Formula B	五节芒+芒萁配方 Formula C	巨菌草配方 Formula D
污染率 Contamination rate/%	8%	5%	4%	11%
菌丝满袋时间 Full hyphae period/d	36.30±3.12 a	33.80±2.04 a	35.20±1.28 a	35.70±1.84 a
原基形成时间 Primordium formation time/d	56.40±1.26 a	54.70±3.12 a	54.80±1.43 a	55.20±2.17 a
子实体收获时间 Fruit body harvest time/d	102.30±2.74 Aa	89.60±3.57 Cd	91.40±2.92 BCc	93.80±1.96 Bb
菌柄长度 Stipe length/cm	3.47±0.35 a	2.69±0.28 b	3.59±0.54 a	3.48±0.32 a
菌盖直径 Cap diameter/cm	12.49±1.98 a	11.61±1.03 b	13.13±1.16 a	12.51±1.27 a
子实体产量 Fruit body yield/（g·袋⁻¹）	25.67±1.43 a	17.02±1.16 b	27.03±3.22 a	25.37±4.35 a
生物转化率 Biotransformation rate/%	12.84±0.65 ab	8.51±0.50 c	13.52±0.46 a	12.69±0.66 b
表格中数值均为平均值±SD，n=50；不同大写字母代表具有极显著差异（P＜0.01），不同小写字母代表具有显著差异（P＜0.05）。 Data are shown as mean±SD, n=50; those with different capital letters represent significant differences at P＜0.01; those with different lowercase letters at P＜0.05.

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表 3 不同配方栽培料对灵芝子实体营养成分的影响

Table 3. Effect of differently formulated substrates on nutrients in G. lucidum fruiting body

营养成分 Nutrient composition	木屑配方 Formula A	五节芒配方 Formula B	五节芒+芒萁配方 Formula C	巨菌草配方 Formula D
粗脂肪 Crude fat/%	3.45±0.21 a	2.83±0.04 a	3.26±0.06 a	2.97±0.06 a
粗蛋白 Crude protein/%	13.57±0.06 b	15.33±0.95 a	14.67±0.12 ab	15.23±0.85 a
粗纤维 Crude fiber/%	40.86±0.39 a	32.01±1.89 b	40.13±1.05 a	40.12±0.85 a
灰分 Ash content/%	2.53±0.23 a	2.35±0.09 a	2.58±0.15 a	2.47±0.37 a
多糖 Polysaccharide/（mg·g⁻¹）	10.20±0.15 c	11.40±2.46 bc	12.10±0.58 b	14.30±0.72 a
三萜 Triterpene/（mg·g⁻¹）	0.80±0.05 b	0.98±0.02 a	1.01±0.03 a	1.13±0.02 a
表中数值为平均值±SD，n=10；不同上标字母代表数值间的差异显著（P＜0.05）。 Data are shown as mean±SD, n=10; those with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05.

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表 4 不同栽培原料对灵芝子实体氨基酸含量的影响

Table 4. Effect of differently formulated substrates on amino acids in G. lucidum fruiting body　　　（单位：%）

氨基酸种类 Amino acids	木屑配方 Formula A	五节芒配方 Formula B	五节芒+芒萁配方 Formula C	巨菌草配方 Formula C
天门冬氨酸 Aspartic acid	1.029	0.987	1.034	1.007
苏氨酸* Threonine	0.691	0.694	0.701	0.653
丝氨酸 Serine	0.568	0.595	0.561	0.593
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid	1.237	1.106	1.315	1.324
脯氨酸 Proline	0.538	0.501	0.537	0.487
甘氨酸 Glycine	0.563	0.541	0.572	0.512
丙氨酸 Alanine	0.671	0.648	0.637	0.642
胱氨酸 Cystine	0.020	0.021	0.023	0.019
缬氨酸* Valine	2.063	2.135	2.194	2.116
蛋氨酸* Methionine	1.297	1.268	1.294	1.283
异亮氨酸* Isoleucine	0.513	0.525	0.564	0.531
亮氨酸* Leucine	0.746	0.742	0.759	0.721
酪氨酸 Tyrosine	0.317	0.304	0.321	0.309
苯丙氨酸* Phenylalanine	0.423	0.426	0.437	0.418
赖氨酸* Lysine	0.581	0.576	0.582	0.571
组氨酸 Histidine	0.324	0.285	0.319	0.296
精氨酸 Arginine	0.403	0.405	0.412	0.397
氨基酸总量 Total Amino acid	11.342	11.759	12.262	12.050
必需氨基酸总量 EAA	6.314	6.366	6.531	6.293
必需氨基酸总量占比 The proportion of EAA	55.669	54.137	53.262	52.224
表示必需氨基酸. essential amino acids.

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表 5 灵芝子实体重金属含量

Table 5. Content of heavy metals in G. lucidum fruiting body 单位：mg·kg⁻¹

重金属 Heavy metal	木屑配方 Formula A	五节芒配方 Formula B	五节芒+芒萁配方 Formula C	巨菌草配方 Formula D	国家标准 National Standard	绿色食品标准 Green food standard
砷 As	0.30	0.12	0.11	0.25	≤1.00	≤0.50
铅 Pb	0.08	0.52	0.46	0.50	≤2.00	≤1.00
汞 Hg	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	≤0.20	≤0.10
镉 Cd	0.18	0.17	0.16	0.18	≤1.50	≤1.00

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