钼对新疆野苹果幼苗生长和氮吸收利用特性的影响

夏营; 曹洪建; 丁荔; 王龙; 姜颖霖; 田歌; 姜远茂

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.010

钼对新疆野苹果幼苗生长和氮吸收利用特性的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.005.010

夏营^1,,
曹洪建¹,
丁荔¹,
王龙¹,
姜颖霖¹,
田歌²,
姜远茂^2, ,

1.
山东省威海市农业科学院，山东　威海　264200
2.
山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，山东　泰安　271018

基金项目: 国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-27）

详细信息

作者简介:
夏营（1991−），男，农艺师，硕士，主要从事果树技术研究与推广工作（E-mail：956591705@qq.com）

通讯作者:
姜远茂（1964−），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事果树营养生理和土壤肥力研究（E-mail：ymjiang@sdau.edu.cn）

中图分类号: S 661.1
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-23
- 修回日期: 2022-04-19
- 刊出日期: 2022-05-28

Effects of Molybdenum on Growth and Nitrogen Uptake/Utilization of Malus sieversii Seedlings

1.
Weihai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Weihai, Shandong　264200, China
2.
College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong　271018, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究钼对苹果砧木新疆野苹果幼苗生长和氮吸收利用特性的影响，为苹果生产中科学施钼，提高氮素利用率提供理论依据。方法以新疆野苹果幼苗为试材，设置5个供钼水平：CK、M1、M2、M3、M4，相应为0.00、0.25、0.50、1.50、3.00 μmol·L⁻¹的H₂MoO₄·H₂O。运用¹⁵N示踪技术，研究不同供钼水平对¹⁵N利用率和各器官Ndff值（植株器官从肥料¹⁵N中吸收分配到的¹⁵N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率）的影响，同时测定不同钼含量对幼苗生长、根系形态及活力和叶片中硝酸还原酶活性的影响。结果与CK相比，施钼显著提高了幼苗各器官的生物量和¹⁵N利用率，并且随着施钼水平的增加均表现为先升高后下降的趋势，至M2处理时均达到最大值，¹⁵N利用率相对于CK处理提高了123%。0.00~0.50 μmol·L⁻¹钼水平下，新疆野苹果根系长度、表面积及根尖数均显著增加，叶片中硝酸还原酶（NR）活性和根系活力显著提高，各器官Ndff值也显著增加，而1.50~3.00 μmol·L⁻¹钼处理显著抑制了根系的生长，新疆野苹果幼苗根系长度、表面积、根尖数量均显著下降，叶片中NR活性及根系活力、各器官的Ndff值也表现出下降趋势，各指标均与M1处理差异不显著。结论 0.50 μmol·L⁻¹的钼酸处理，一方面有利于植株生长和根系发生，增强对氮素的吸收；另一方面提高了硝酸还原酶活性，通过推进氮还原的进程促进了氮素的利用。因此，在此浓度钼酸处理下幼苗¹⁵N利用率最高。
- 新疆野苹果 /
- 钼 /
- 根系 /
- 氮素 /
- ¹⁵N利用率
Abstract: Objectives Effects of molybdenum (Mo) on the growth and nitrogen uptake/utilization of Malus sieversii seedlings were studied for the cultivation and crop production improvements. Methods M. sieversii seedlings were grown under 5 levels of Mo supply equivalent to 0.00 (CK), 0.25 (M1), 0.50 (M2), 1.50 (M3), and 3.00 μmol·L⁻¹ (M4) H₂MoO₄·H₂O. The ¹⁵N utilization and Ndff (i.e., rate of ¹⁵N absorbed by a plant organ from ¹⁵N in fertilizer to total nitrogen in the organ) were determined using the ¹⁵N labeled tracer method. The growth, root morphology, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity in leaves of the seedlings were monitored. Results The Mo applications significantly altered the biomass and ¹⁵N utilization rate of seedlings in an increasing pattern with increasing Mo to peak at M2 (the ¹⁵N utilization rate was 123% of that of CK), then followed by a decline. From 0 to 0.5 μmol Mo·L⁻¹, the length, surface area, number of tips and activities of the seedling roots, the NR in the leaves, and the Ndff of all organs significantly increased. But further increasing Mo from 1.5 to 3.0 μmol·L⁻¹ caused significant decreases on all indicators to become not significantly different from those under the M1 treatment. Conclusions By treating potato rootstocks with Mo at 0.5 μmol·L⁻¹, the seedling growth, root formation, and plant nitrogen absorption were enhanced. The seedling ¹⁵N utilization rate was maximized by the treatment that effectively promoted nitrogen reduction due to the increased nitrate reductase activity.
- Malus sieversii /
- molybdenum /
- root /
- nitrogen /
- ¹⁵N utilization

HTML全文

图 1 不同供钼水平的植株¹⁵N利用率

柱上不同字母表示处理间达0.05显著水平。

Figure 1. ¹⁵N utilization efficiency of seedlings under Mo treatments

Different letters on top of columns indicate significant difference at P＜0.05.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同钼水平下的植株生物量

Table 1. Biomass of M. hupehensis seedlings under Mo treatments

处理 Treatment	根干重 Dry weight of root/g	茎干重 Dry weight of stem/g	叶干重 Dry weight of leaf /g	总干重 Total dry weight/g
CK	0.62±0.03 e	0.39±0.02 d	0.63±0.02 e	1.63±0.03 e
M1	0.82±0.01 b	0.48±0.04 c	0.71±0.03 d	2.01±0.06 c
M2	0.96±0.03 a	0.65±0.01 a	0.96±0.03 a	2.57±0.06 a
M3	0.76±0.02 c	0.56±0.01 b	0.82±0.01 b	2.14±0.03 b
M4	0.71±0.02 d	0.41±0.02 d	0.76±0.01 c	1.88±0.04 d
同一列小写字母表示差异达0.05显著水平。表2～4同。
Data followed by lowercase letters on same column indicate significant difference at P＜0.05. Same for Table 2–4.

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表 2 不同供钼水平下新疆野苹果的根系形态指标

Table 2. Morphological indices of M. sieversii roots under Mo treatments

处理 Treatment	根系长度 Root Length/cm	根系总表面积 Total root surface area/cm²	根尖数 Number of root tips/个	根系活力 Root activity/（μg·g⁻¹·h⁻¹）
CK	269.52±13.95 e	105.64±11.75 d	2694.8±80.19 d	75.14±1.76 c
M1	447.56±29.56 b	119.97±8.27 c	3011.6±101.59 c	85.14±2.09 b
M2	576.17±14.06 a	188.09±7.29 a	4842.6±149.48 a	110.93±1.72 a
M3	399.09±17.68 c	143.38±6.36 b	3424.2±152.93 b	83.77±0.60 b
M4	340.76±18.24 d	128.65±2.21 c	3173.0±121.88 c	71.39±3.02 c

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表 3 不同钼水平下植株各器官的Ndff值和叶片NR活性

Table 3. Ndff of organs and NR activity of leaves under Mo treatments

处理 Treatment	Ndff/%			NR活性 NR activity/ (μg·g⁻¹·h⁻¹)
处理 Treatment	叶片 Leaves	茎 Stems	根 Roots	NR活性 NR activity/ (μg·g⁻¹·h⁻¹)
CK	0.73±0.02 d	1.12±0.03 d	1.09±0.02 c	10.44±0.39 d
M1	0.81±0.03 b	1.19±0.01 c	1.18±0.02 b	16.78±1.25 bc
M2	0.91±0.02 a	1.33±0.03 a	1.30±0.07 a	22.52±2.55 a
M3	0.78±0.02 bc	1.29±0.01 b	1.19±0.03 b	17.25±1.26 b
M4	0.77±0.02 c	1.19±0.01 c	1.13±0.01 bc	14.29±1.05 c

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表 4 不同钼水平下植株的全氮量和¹⁵N吸收总量

Table 4. Total N and ¹⁵N absorption of M. hupehensis seedlings under Mo treatments

处理 Treatment	全氮量 Total N/mg	¹⁵N吸收总量 ¹⁵N absorption/mg
CK	29.53±0.34 e	0.27±0.01 e
M1	37.44±0.76 c	0.39±0.01 c
M2	53.56±0.86 a	0.62±0.02 a
M3	41.74±0.47 b	0.43±0.01 b
M4	35.44±0.96 d	0.35±0.01 d

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