草本植物-微生物联合修复低浓度含油污泥技术研究

何飞焱; 施宠; 董丁; 季凯; 韩斯琴; 张颖

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.010.014

草本植物-微生物联合修复低浓度含油污泥技术研究

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.010.014

何飞焱^{1, 2,},
施宠^1, ,,
董丁³,
季凯³,
韩斯琴²,
张颖^2, ,

1.
新疆农业大学资源与环境学院，新疆　乌鲁木齐　830052
2.
中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，辽宁　沈阳　110000
3.
新奥达石油技术服务有限公司，新疆　克拉玛依　834000

基金项目: 中国科学院科技服务网络计划（STS）重点项目（KFJ-STS-ZDTP-064）；国家自然科学基金项目（31760704）

详细信息

作者简介:
何飞焱（1995−），男，硕士研究生，主要从事污染土壤修复研究（E-mail：923393168@qq.com）

通讯作者:
施宠（1979−），女，副教授，主要从事环境微生物学研究（E-mail：shichong98@163.com）

张颖（1965−），女，研究员，主要从事环境微生物学与环境生物技术研究（E-mail：yzhang@iae.ac.cn）

中图分类号: X 173
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-01
- 修回日期: 2022-05-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-30

Microbe-mediated Phytoremediation on Low Concentration Oil Sludge

HE Feiyan^{1, 2
,},
SHI Chong^{1
, ,},
DONG Ding³,
JI Kai³,
HAN Siqin²,
ZHANG Ying^{2
, ,}

1.
College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang　830052, China
2.
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
3.
Xin’aoda Petroleum Technology Service Co., Ltd., Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究4种新疆本土草本植物生物修复含油污泥的潜力，及其与微生物联合修复对低浓度含油污泥处理效果。方法以狗牙根（Cynodondactylon）、高羊茅（Festuca elata）、黑麦草（Lolium Perenne）和苏丹草（Sorghum sudanense）与解脂假丝酵母（Candida lipolytica，菌A）、2株枯草芽孢杆菌[菌B（ Bacillus subtilis PL－2）和菌C（ Bacillus subtilis XJ－16）]、混菌D（A+B+C）为研究对象，采用盆栽试验，分别设置微生物组、植物组、植物-微生物组及对照4组处理，分析不同处理对石油烃残留量、微生物数量、草种生物量和叶绿素含量的影响。结果 120 d盆栽试验结表明，单独种植狗牙根、单独种植苏丹草、菌B、菌C处理对石油烃的降解效果较为相近，降解率分别为31.39%、34.19%、 33.71%与33.39%，显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；草本植物与微生物联合修复中，狗牙根中添加菌A、菌B和菌C效果显著，石油烃的降解率可达43.02%、40.20%和42.54%，且在联合修复后土壤中可培养细菌与真菌数量显著增加，分别为1.50×10⁵～2.59×10⁵ cfu·g⁻¹和4.32×10⁴～5.53×10⁴ cfu·g⁻¹；此外，在添加降解菌后，狗牙根干重和叶绿素总含量均显著提高（P＜0.05）。结论综合石油烃残留量、微生物数量、生物量以及叶绿素含量指标得出，新疆本地植物狗牙根与菌A（解脂菌假丝酵母）、菌B和菌C（均为枯草芽孢杆菌）的联合，可为当地低浓度含油污泥处理提供可行的技术方案。
- 植物-微生物联合修复 /
- 石油污染 /
- 降解率 /
- 微生物数量 /
- 生理特性
Abstract: Objective Potential of applying native Xinjiang plants in combination with microbes as a bioagent to treat low concentration oil sludge pollution was explored. Method Three treatments of microbes, plants, and plant-microbe combination that used plant including Cynodon dactylon, Festuca elata, Lolium Perenne, or Sorghum sudanense and the microbes including Candida lipolytica (Microbe A), Bacillus subtilis PL-2 (Bacterium B), and/or B. subtilis XJ-16 (Bacterium C) were conducted along with control in a pot experiment for 120 d. Effects of the treatments on petroleum hydrocarbon residues, and microbial population, as well as biomass and chlorophyll content of the plants, were determined. Result Under the single-factor treatments, C. dactylon, S. sudanense, Bacterium B, or Bacterium C provided relatively similar effect in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons with 31.39%, 34.19%, 33.71%, and 33.39% reductions, respectively, which were significantly higher than control (P＜0.05). The plant-microbe combinations, on the other hand, showed significantly greater pollution remedying effect, such as achieved by incorporating C. dactylon with Bacterium A, B, and C that delivered the hydrocarbon removal rates of 43.02%, 40.20%, and 42.54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the culturable bacteria count increased significantly from 1.50×10⁵ cfu·g⁻¹ to 2.59×10⁵ cfu·g⁻¹ and fungi count from 4.32×10⁴ cfu·g⁻¹ to 5.53×10⁴ cfu·g⁻¹. In addition, the dry weight and total chlorophyll content of C. dactylon rose significantly in the presence of the microbes (P＜0.05). Conclusion In view of petroleum hydrocarbon residue, microbial population, plant biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content, it appeared that the combined applications of Xinjiang native plant C. dactylon with yeast C. lipolytica and bacterium B. subtilis PL-2 or XJ-16 could be feasible for cleaning the environmental pollution caused by low concentration oil sludge in the area.
- Microbe-mediated phytoremediation /
- petroleum contamination /
- degradation rate /
- microbial counts /
- physiological property

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图 1 不同处理植物生物量

不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（ P ＜ 0.05）。图2同。

Figure 1. Plant biomass in sludge by treatments

Data with different lowercase letters represent significant differences(P<0.05). Same for Fig.2.

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图 2 不同处理下总叶绿素的含量

Figure 2. Total chlorophyll contents of plants under treatments

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表 1 试验处理组

Table 1. Experimental treatments

处理 Treatment	处理代号 Code	备注 Notes
空白对照 Control	CK	自然条件下含油污泥降解情况
微生物组 Microbial	解脂假丝酵母菌（A）、枯草芽孢杆菌（B）、枯草芽孢杆菌（C）、混菌D（A+B+C）	添加微生物对含油污泥的降解情况
植物组 Plant	狗牙根（GYG、GYG+YN）、高羊茅（GYM、GYM+YN）、黑麦草（HMC、HMC+YN）、苏丹草（SDC、SDC+YN）	GYG、GYN、HMC、SDC为正常土壤条件下生长，GYG+YN、GYN+YN、HMC+YN、SDC+YN为污染土壤中生长。不同草本植物对含油污泥的降解情况。
植物-微生物组 Microbial and Plant	GYG+A、GYG+B、GYG+C、GYG+D；GYM+A、GYM+B、GYM+C、GYM+D；HMC+A、HMC+B、HMC+C、HMC+D；SDC+A、SDC+B、SDC+C、SDC+D	植物微生物联合修复对石油烃降解效率

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表 2 处理组中石油烃的残留量与降解率

Table 2. Residues and degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by each treatment

处理组 Group	处理 Treatment	30 d		60 d		120 d
处理组 Group	处理 Treatment	残留量 Residual amount/g	降解率 Degradation rate/%	残留量 Residual amount/g	降解率 Degradation rate/%	残留量 Residual amount/g	降解率 Degradation rate/%
对照组 Control group	CK	5.71±0.09 ab	8.13±1.62 h	5.20±0.15 a	16.53±2.41 f	4.85±0.05 a	22.15±0.80 k
植物组 Plant group	GYG+YN	5.38±0.23 bcdef	13.72±3.62 efgh	4.33±0.30 efj	30.57±6.02 ab	4.27±0.13 bcdefgh	31.39±2.01 defghi
	GYM+YN	5.35±0.45 bcdef	13.86±3.62 efgh	4.52±0.13 defg	27.37±2.01 abc	4.45±0.15 bcde	28.57±2.41 ghij
	HMC+YN	5.30±0.10 bcdefg	14.93±1.61 defgh	4.50±0.05 defg	27.77±0.80 abc	4.35±0.15 cdefg	30.18±2.41 e
	SDC+YN	4.70±0.05 ghij	24.56±0.80 abc	4.20±0.18 fg	32.58±1.61 a	4.10±0.05 ghi	34.19±0.80 cde
微生物 Microbial group	A	5.25±0.30 bcdefgh	15.73±4.82 defgh	4.63±0.03 cdef	25.75±0.40 abcd	4.27±0.03 ghi	31.39±0.40 defghi
	B	5.15±0.20 bcdefghi	17.34±3.21 cedfg	4.53±0.03 defg	25.38±3.08 abc	4.10±0.05 ghi	33.71±1.05 cdef
	C	4.67±0.48 hij	24.97±7.62 abc	4.87±0.28 abcd	21.76±4.41 cdef	4.15±0.20 efghi	33.39±3.21 cdefg
	D	5.65±0.45 abc	9.31±7.22 gh	4.97±0.08 abc	20.15±0.41 def	4.67±0.28 ab	25.01±5.67 jk
植物—微生物 Microbial and Plant	GYG+A	5.40±0.10 bcde	13.32±1.61 efgh	4.22±0.08 fg	32.19±1.21 a	3.55±0.05 k	43.02±0.80 a
	GYG+B	4.90±0.25 efghij	21.62±4.42 bcde	4.33±0.03 efg	30.57±0.40 ab	3.73±0.08 jk	40.20±1.21 ab
	GYG+C	5.00±0.30 defghi	19.74±4.82 bcdef	4.35±0.10 efg	30.18±1.61 ab	3.58±0.35 k	42.54±5.22 a
	GYG+D	4.92±0.28 defghij	20.96±4.42 bcde	5.10±0.15 ab	18.41±2.02 ef	3.95±0.35 ij	36.60±5.62 bc
	GYM+A	4.75±0.39 defghi	19.32±4.42 bcdef	4.60±0.18 cdef	26.16±3.21 abcd	4.25±0.10 defghi	32.05±2.02 cdefgh
	GYM+B	4.33±0.13 j	30.57±2.01 a	4.37±0.03 efg	29.78±0.41 ab	4.45±0.10 bcde	28.57±1.61 ghij
	GYM+C	4.59±0.53 fghij	23.15±3.27 abcd	4.40±0.10 efg	29.78±13.65 ab	4.43±0.16 cdefg	28.96±2.81 fghig
	GYM+D	5.52±0.10 abcd	11.33±5.70 fgh	5.12±0.08 ab	17.74±1.21ef	4.43±0.08 cdefg	28.97±1.21 fghig
	HMC+A	5.40±0.33 a	13.37±5.70 efgh	4.33±0.08 efg	30.57±1.21ab	4.20±0.10 defghi	32.58±1.61 cdefgh
	HMC+B	4.88±0.03 efghij	21.74±0.400 bcde	4.33±0.08 g	29.89±0.54 ab	3.77±0.35 efghi	32.99±0.40 cdefgh
	HMC+C	4.80±0.15 fghij	23.33±0.41 abcd	4.72±0.28 bcde	24.16±4.42 bcde	4.55±0.10 bc	26.97±1.61 ij
	HMC+D	5.26±0.73 bcdef	15.69±12.04 defgh	4.52±0.13 defg	27.37±2.01 abc	4.48±0.03 bcd	28.16±0.40 hij
	SDC +A	5.35±0.50 bcdef	14.13±0.81 edfgh	4.52±0.18 defg	27.38±2.81 abc	3.97±0.03 hij	36.20±0.41 bcd
	SDC +B	4.33±0.08 j	30.57±1.21 a	4.27±0.03 fg	31.39±0.40 a	4.13±0.08 fghi	33.94±0.98 cde
	SDC +C	5.10±0.05 cdefghi	18.14±0.80 cedf	4.98±0.18 abc	20.14±2.81 def	4.03±0.18 hi	35.38±2.81 cd
	SDC +D	4.55±0.15 ig	26.97±2.41 ab	4.55±0.05 defg	26.97±0.81 abcd	4.18±0.03 defghi	32.98±0.41 cdefgh
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表3同。 Different lowercase letters represent significant difference among groups (P＜0.05). Same for Table 3.

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表 3 不同处理土壤中微生物数量

Table 3. Microbial loads in sludge by treatments

处理组 Group	处理 Treatment	细菌 Bacteria/ （×10⁵ cfu·g⁻¹）	真菌 Fungus （×10⁴ cfu·g⁻¹）
对照组 Control group	CK	0.08±0.01 i	0.67±0.06 i
植物组 Plant group	GYG+YN	1.33±0.10 ef	3.58±0.38 efg
	GYM+YN	1.09±0.02 g	0.33±0.39 fgh
	HMC+YN	1.12±0.13 g	0.35±0.20 efg
	SDC+YN	0.48±0.04 h	2.02±0.28 k
微生物 Microbial group	A	1.19±0.04 fg	4.78±0.39 b
	B	0.96±0.07 g	3.43±0.21 efgh
	C	1.02±0.07 g	4.13±0.24 bcde
	D	0.65±0.06 g	2.95±0.38 ghi
植物-微生物 Microbial and plant	GYG+A	1.79±0.06 b	5.53±0.58 a
	GYG+B	1.50±0.07 cde	4.32±0.55 bcd
	GYG+C	2.59±0.12 a	4.40±0.36 bc
	GYG+D	1.91±0.08 b	2.00±0.41 k
	GYM+A	1.45±0.09 cde	4.03±0.43 cde
	GYM+B	1.39±0.20 de	3.53±0.43 efg
	GYM+C	1.33±0.09 ef	3.07±0.49 fgh
	GYM+D	1.32±0.11 ef	3.25±0.03 fgh
	HMC+A	1.47±0.13 cde	3.67±0.33 def
	HMC+B	1.61±0.09 c	4.08±0.19 cde
	HMC+C	1.12±0.27 g	2.75±0.48 hig
	HMC+D	1.56±0.13 cd	2.30±0.33 igk
	SDC+A	1.51±0.09 cde	3.15±0.40 fgh
	SDC+B	1.32±0.10 ef	2.80±0.35 hig
	SDC+C	1.37±0.07 def	3.50±0.23 efg
	SDC+D	1.12±0.08 g	2.15±0.26 jk

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