圆叶决明降解对土壤细菌组成和结构动态变化的影响

钟珍梅; 邢世和; 翁伯琦; 游小凤

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.02.013

圆叶决明降解对土壤细菌组成和结构动态变化的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.02.013

钟珍梅^{1, 2, 3,},
邢世和^2, ,,
翁伯琦^{1, 3, ,},
游小凤^{1, 3}

1.
福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所，福建福州　350013
2.
福建农林大学资源环境学院, 福建　福州　350002
3.
福建省丘陵草业工程技术研究中心，福建福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程项目（XTCXGC2021010）

详细信息

作者简介:
钟珍梅（1975−），女，博士，副研究员，主要从事农业资源与环境研究（E-mail：mume19@126.com）

通讯作者:
邢世和（1962−），男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事土壤生态环境研究（E-mail：fafuxsh@126.com）

翁伯琦（1957−），男，博士，研究员，主要从事农业生态和水土保持研究（E-mail：wengboqi@163.com）

中图分类号: S153
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-11
- 录用日期: 2022-11-11
- 修回日期: 2023-01-30
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-28

Effect of Composting Chamaecrista rotundifolia on Microbial Community in Soil

ZHONG Zhenmei^{1, 2, 3
,},
XING Shihe^{2
, ,},
WENG Boqi^{1, 3
, ,},
YOU Xiaofeng^{1, 3}

1.
Agricultural Ecological Institute. Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China
2.
College of Resource and Environmental Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
3.
Fujian Engineering and Technology Research Center for Hilly Prataculture, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探明豆科绿肥圆叶决明翻压对果园红壤细菌群落的影响规律。方法以空白对照（CK）和添加狼尾草（P处理）为对照，采用模拟培养试验，研究添加圆叶决明（J处理）后培养10~180 d果园红壤细菌群落数量、组成、多样性及结构的动态变化。结果 25 ℃恒温恒湿培养，门、纲、目、科和属水平细菌种群数量的变化主要发生在培养10~60 d，80~140 d处理间相对丰度具有显著差异的细菌数量减少，至培养180 d，3种处理所有细菌的相对丰度无显著差异。变形菌、酸杆菌和放线菌为3种处理相对丰度占比位于前3的优势细菌。与CK相比，P处理和J处理变形菌相对丰度随培养时间延长逐渐降低，而酸杆菌门相对丰度则先升后降，J处理放线菌门相对丰度随着培养时间延长而升高，P处理和J处理的变形菌、放线菌、绿弯菌、厚壁菌、拟杆菌和疣微菌随时间的变化均可用三次或二次函数拟合。P处理和J处理提高了红壤细菌ACE、Chao1和Shannon指数，降低了Simpson指数。结论添加圆叶决明改变果园红壤细菌群落组成和结构，提高了果园红壤细菌群落的丰度和多样性，但添加圆叶决明和添加杂交狼尾草之间细菌群落结构差异不大。
- 圆叶决明 /
- 土壤微生物 /
- 细菌多样性 /
- 细菌群落 /
- 果园 /
- 红壤
Abstract: Objective Effect of applying Chamaecrista rotundifolia plant materials to decompose as green manure on the microbial communities in red orchard soil was studied. Method In a simulated experiment, red soil collected from an orchard was used as blank control (CK) or as treatments with added P. americanum×P. purpureum (P) or C. rotundifolia (J). After 10-180d of incubation at 25 ℃ and constant humidity, the soils were sampled 9 times for Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Results Significant alterations were observed in the microbial populations at phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels from 10d to 60d. The relative abundance decreased in 80-140d and became similar for all samples by 180d with Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinomycetes being the dominant microbes. Proteobacteria populations in P and J became lower than in CK, while Acidobacteria rose at first and then declined as the incubation prolonged. Actinobacteria in J increased during incubation, whereas Proteobacteria, Actinomyces, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, and Verrucobacterium in P and J followed a pattern of either 3 or 2 regression function. Both P and J raised the ACE, Chao1, and Shannon indices, but lowered the Simpson index. Conclusion Composting round-leaf, short-lived perennial cassia C. rotundifolia changed the composition and structure and increased the abundance and diversity of the bacterial community in the red orchard soil. However, no significantly different effects induced by the applications of C. rotundifolia and P. americanum×P. purpureum were found.
- Chamaecrista rotundifolia /
- soil microorganisms /
- bacterial diversity /
- bacterial community /
- orchard /
- red soil

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图 1 不同处理门水平细菌的相对丰度

由于培养100 d具有显著性差异的细菌数量减少，到180 d不存在具有显著性差异的细菌，因此数据只取至培养140 d，即取8次取样的数据，下同。

Figure 1. Bacterial relative abundance at phylum level by treatments

Since bacteria count after 100 d of incubation showed significant decreases and not on 180 d, only data up to 140 d are presented，that is, data from eight samples are listed。 Same for below.

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图 2 各样品的主成分分析

样品的相关性越强，其距离越近，指标相关性越强，夹角越小。

Figure 2. Principal component analysis on samples

Stronger the correlation between samples indicates closer relationship; and stronger the correlation between indices, smaller angles.

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表 1 不同处理间相对丰度具有统计学差异的果园红壤细菌种群数量

Table 1. Bacterial population with statistically different relative abundance in red orchard soil by treatments

分类水平Classification level	编号No.	比对组Comparison group	不同处理时间细菌种群数Bacterial population at different treatment times/种
分类水平Classification level	编号No.	比对组Comparison group	10 d	20 d	30 d	40 d	60 d	80 d	100 d	140 d	180 d	平均Average
门 Phylum	Ⅰ	CK VS J	11	13	12	5	14	0	1	0	0	6.22
	Ⅱ	CK VS P	14	11	8	7	14	0	0	1	0	6.11
	Ⅲ	P VS J	4	2	4	2	6	0	1	1	0	2.22
纲 Class	Ⅰ	CK VS J	39	32	26	20	42	7	1	3	0	18.89
	Ⅱ	CK VS P	37	33	27	22	48	9	0	5	0	20.11
	Ⅲ	P VS J	11	4	7	2	14	4	1	3	0	5.11
目 Order	Ⅰ	CK VS J	54	40	37	21	47	9	2	5	0	23.89
	Ⅱ	CK VS P	49	42	40	24	46	10	1	8	0	24.44
	Ⅲ	P VS J	19	9	10	2	14	6	1	5	0	7.33
科 Family	Ⅰ	CK VS J	94	74	68	48	72	23	2	6	0	43.00
	Ⅱ	CK VS P	81	69	66	54	74	27	1	7	0	42.11
	Ⅲ	P VS J	31	17	20	10	23	12	1	7	0	13.44
属 Genus	Ⅰ	CK VS J	92	67	63	35	72	12	2	6	0	38.78
	Ⅱ	CK VS P	79	59	64	38	72	13	2	7	0	37.11
	Ⅲ	P VS J	36	16	19	8	21	8	0	7	0	12.78
CK为对照；P为添加杂交狼尾草处理；J为添加圆叶决明处理。10、20、30、40、60、80 、100、140和180 d为土壤培养天数。CK: blank control; P: treatment with P. americanum×P. purpureum; J: treatment with C. rotundifolia. 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 140, and 180d: number of incubation days.

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表 2 门水平不同处理细菌相对丰度随时间变化的回归方程

Table 2. Regression equations on bacterial relative abundance at phylum level by treatments

处理Treatment	细菌门Bacterial phylum	R²	F	P	方程式Equation
CK	疣微菌 Verrucomicrobia	0.702	11.98	0.013	y=−0.599x+6.678
CK	浮霉菌 Planctomycetes	0.853	15.88	0.007	y=0.010x3−0.061x²−0.176x+2.125
J	变形菌 Proteobacteria	0.973	19.74	0.007	y=−0.327x³+3.954x²−14.467x+63.172
	放线菌 Actinobacteria	0.857	14.31	0.009	y=0.474x²−2.669x+8.984
	绿弯菌 Chloroflexi	0.908	11.75	0.013	y=0.104x³−1.196x²+4.331x+0.846
	厚壁菌 Firmicutes	0.979	53.14	0.000	y=0.096x³−0.925x²+2.585x−1.025
	拟杆菌 Bacteroidetes	0.849	14.96	0.008	y=−1.093x+9.938
	疣微菌 Verrucomicrobia	0.914	56.66	0.000	y=−0.069x²+0.129x+4.559
	浮霉菌 Planctomycetes	0.761	9.68	0.021	y=0.030x²−0.378x+ 2.758
P	变形菌 Proteobacteria	0.910	13.46	0.015	y=−3×10⁻⁵x³+0.0073x²−0.456x+53.82
	放线菌 Actinobacteria	0.803	7.68	0.030	y=0.617x²−5.00x+15.64
	绿弯菌 Chloroflexi	0.875	11.056	0.021	y=0.090x³−1.138x²+4.319x+2.161
	芽单胞菌Gemmatimonadetes	0.835	6.77	0.048	y=0.059x³−0.695x²+2.116x+2.527
	厚壁菌 Firmicutes	0.843	10.89	0.015	y=0.170x²−1.169x+2.832
	拟杆菌 Bacteroidetes	0.884	16.53	0.006	y=−0.174x²+0.561x+6.842
	疣微菌 Verrucomicrobia	0.856	11.25	0.020	y=0.035x³−0.571x²+2.365x+1.678

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表 3 不同处理土壤细菌多样性指数

Table 3. Soil bacterial diversity index under treatments

指标Index	处理Treatment	培养时间 Incubation time/d
指标Index	处理Treatment	10	20	30	40	60	80	100	140
ACE	CK	1 689.00±13.50 b	1 480±3.61 b	1 629.00±16.50 b	1 615.33±45.83 b	1 266.33±40.99 b	1 870.33±270.09 b	1 762.00±308.58 a	1 728.33±48.42 a
	P	1 800.67±6.89 a	1 624.67±5.70 a	1 821.33±7.26 a	1 800.67±5.49 a	1 762.00±11.02 a	2 584.00±23.12 a	1 944.33±36.35 a	1 886.67±44.18 a
	J	1 776.33±11.92 a	1 626.67±6.12 a	1 818.00±3.06 a	1 785.33±5.84 a	1 748.33±11.62 a	2 504.33±57.17 a	1 865.67±86.34 a	1 854.67±69.53 a
Chao1	CK	1 714.67±16.37 b	1 511.33±8.09 b	1 650.00±10.26 b	1 650.33±39.18 b	1 295.00±58.00 b	1 903.67±273.09 b	1 764.33±316.83 a	1 743.00±52.08 a
	P	1 806.00±7.00 a	1 638.67±6.84 a	1 833.67±10.40 a	1 824.33±1.86 a	1 787.67±16.02 a	2 579.00±33.23 a	1 944.33±48.21 a	1 929.33±66.20 a
	J	1 793.00±18.77 a	1 639.00±13.50 a	1 829.67±6.89 a	1 799.33±8.82 a	1 775.67±14.33 a	2 511.67±71.66 a	1 879.00±85.51 a	1 858.33±67.17 a
Simpson	CK	0.010±0.001 a	0.015±0.002 a	0.014±0.002 a	0.013±0.003 a	0.018±0.004 a	0.013±0.002 a	0.025±0.006 a	0.015±0.001 a
	P	0.006±0.000 b	0.007±0.001 b	0.006±0.000 b	0.005±0.000 b	0.005±0.000 b	0.007±0.000 b	0.020±0.003 a	0.014±0.001 a
	J	0.007±0.000 b	0.006±0.000 b	0.007±0.000 b	0.008±0.001 b	0.007±0.000 b	0.011±0.001 ab	0.016±0.001 a	0.015±0.003 a
Shannon	CK	6.14±0.03 a	5.90±0.07 b	5.92±0.10 b	5.82±0.19 a	5.19±0.17 b	5.69±0.30 a	5.25±0.39 a	5.30±0.06 a
	P	6.15±0.02 a	6.12±0.04 a	6.25±0.02 a	6.22±0.03 a	6.25±0.00 a	6.11±0.01 a	5.32±0.08 a	5.42±0.01 a
	J	6.04±0.05 a	6.14±0.03 a	6.16±0.03 a	6.10±0.10 a	6.18±0.02 a	5.98±0.03 a	5.35±0.04 a	5.33±0.014 a

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表 4 不同处理细菌多样性随时间变化的回归方程

Table 4. Regression equations on bacterial diversity of treatments

处理Treatment	指标Index	R²	F	P	方程式Equation
J	ACE	0.399	4.420	0.015	y=2184.10−557.18x³+171.77x²−13.49x
	Chao1	0.409	4.610	0.013	y=2206.64−566.82x³+174.80x²−13.75x
	Simpson	0.679	22.200	0.00	y=0.007−0.001x²+0.0001x
	Shannon	0.819	47.540	0.00	y=5.81+0.249x²−0.04x
P	ACE	0.468	5.880	0.005	y=2294.81−667.47x³+202.20x²−15.71x
	Chao1	0.461	5.700	0.005	y=2253.50−612.06x³+187.45x²−14.58x
	Simpson	0.556	13.170	0.000	y=0.009−0.002x²+0.0001x
	Shannon	0.798	41.580	0.000	y=5.89+0.234x²−0.041x
x为培养时间，y为细菌群落Alpha多样性指数。P为显著性，＜0.05表示差异显著。x: incubation time; y: alpha diversity index of bacterial community. P: difference at 5% level.

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