高产优质鲜食大豆新品种闽豆13号的选育

蓝新隆; 萧涵; 夏春英; 刘爱华; 胡润芳; 林国强; 张玉梅

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.07.002

高产优质鲜食大豆新品种闽豆13号的选育

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.07.002

福建省农业科学院作物研究所/福建省特色旱作物品种选育工程技术研究中心，福建福州　350013

基金项目: 福建省科技计划公益类专项（2021R1031002、2022R1031006）；福建省财政专项（CXTD2021011-2、CXPT202202）

详细信息

作者简介:
蓝新隆（1974 —），男，助理研究员，主要从事大豆育种与栽培研究，E-mail：350446255@qq.com

通讯作者:
林国强（1965 —），男，研究员，主要从事大豆育种与栽培研究，E-mail：542057656@qq.com

张玉梅（1980 —），女，博士，副研究员，主要从事大豆遗传育种及栽培技术研究，E-mail：2407270791@qq.com

中图分类号: S643.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-18
- 录用日期: 2024-07-03
- 修回日期: 2024-06-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-08-15
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-01

High-yield and High-quality Mindou No. 13 Soybeans for Fresh Consumption

Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Engineering Research Center for Characteristic Dry Crop Varieties Breeding, Fuzhou, Fujian　350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的通过有性杂交系谱选育高产优质的鲜食大豆新品种，提高鲜食大豆育种效率，促进鲜食大豆种业多样化。方法以浙鲜12号为母本、交大18为父本进行有性杂交，经系谱选育，聚合父母本优良基因，定向选出组合17B34-2-1。结果 2019年冬进行品比试验，平均鲜荚产量11753.40 kg·hm⁻²，比对照组毛豆3号（CK）显著提高15.00%，定名为闽豆13号。闽豆13号在2020—2021年福建省鲜食大豆品种区域试验中，平均鲜荚产量11348.40kg·hm⁻²，比对照毛豆3号（CK）增产4.07%；该品种于翌年7月通过福建省主要农作物品种审定委员会审定（闽审豆20220002）。结论育成鲜食大豆新品种闽豆13号，该品种具鲜荚产量高、食味品质佳、适应性广等特点，属中熟鲜食大豆品种，适宜在福建省大豆产区春季种植推广。
- 鲜食大豆 /
- 新品种 /
- 闽豆13号 /
- 选育
Abstract: Objective A high-yield and high-quality soybean for fresh consumption suitable to be cultivated in Fujian was bred to meet the market demand. Method In a sexual hybridization, Zhexian 12 was selected as the female parent and Jiaoda 18 as the male parent to breed varieties of the target soybeans. Result A line exhibiting the desirable genetic inheritance from the parents was code-named 17B34-2-1. In the winter of 2019, the average yield of fresh pods from the new soybean variety was 11753.40 kg·hm⁻², which was significantly 15.00% higher than that of Maodou No. 3 (CK). It was, subsequently, named Mindou No. 13 which delivered an average fresh pod yield of 11348.40 kg·hm⁻² representing an increase of 4.07% over CK in the 2020 and 2021 Fujian Provincial Regional Trials. It was officially certified by the Fujian Provincial Committee on Crop Variety Identification in July 2022. Conclusion The newly bred Mindou No. 13 was a widely adaptable, mid-season crop suitable for spring planting in Fujian that gave high yield of fresh beans with appealing eating quality.
- Soybeans for fresh consumption /
- new variety /
- Mindou No.13 /
- breeding

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图 1 闽豆13号选育图谱

Figure 1. Selection and breeding of Mindou No. 13

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表 1 闽豆13号两年区域品比试验农艺性状和经济性状评价

Table 1. Evaluation on agronomic and economic traits of Mindou No. 13 at 2020 and 2021 regional comparison trials

年份 Year	品种 Variety	生育期 Growth period/d	株高 Plant height/ cm	茎粗 Stem thickness/ cm	主茎节数 Number of main stem nodes	有效分枝数 Number of effective branches	单株有效荚数 Effective number of pods	单株荚重 Fresh yield per plant/g	百粒鲜重 100-fresh seeds weight/g	单株标准荚数 Standard pods per plant	标准荚长 Standard pod length/ cm	标准荚宽 Standard pod width/ cm	每千克标准荚数 Number of standard pods per kilogram
2020	闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	77	41	0.9	8.3	4.4	37.8	84.6	79.5	26.3	5.5	1.4	334.1
2020	毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3（CK）	75.2	36.04	0.66	8.2	3.6	29.8	66.94	74.9	18	5.41	1.37	322.5
	平均 Average	76.1	38.52	0.78	8.3	4	33.8	75.77	77.2	22.2	5.46	1.39	328.3
2021	闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	78.7	41.2	0.8	7.5	3.7	30.1	73.2	82.5	22.9	6	1.4	287
2021	毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3（CK）	76.3	41.7	0.7	7.8	3.5	28.1	66.16	80.49	26.81	5.87	1.42	297.3
	平均 Average	77.5	41.45	0.75	7.7	3.6	29.1	69.68	81.5	24.78	5.94	1.41	292.2
生育期指播种出苗至采青日数。 Growth period represents days from seedling emergence to pod harvesting.

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表 2 品比试验收获产量差异统计

Table 2. Statistics on yield in comparison trials

品种（品系） Variety（species）	每13.3 m²产量 Yield per 13.3 m²/kg	差异显著性分析 Significance of differences		收获荚果产量 Harvest pod yield/（kg·hm⁻²）	较毛豆3号（CK）增减比 Change ratio compared with Maodou No. 3（CK）/%
品种（品系） Variety（species）	每13.3 m²产量 Yield per 13.3 m²/kg	0.05	0.01	收获荚果产量 Harvest pod yield/（kg·hm⁻²）	较毛豆3号（CK）增减比 Change ratio compared with Maodou No. 3（CK）/%
17B34-1	12.79	a	A	12786.75	25.11
闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	11.75	ab	AB	11753.40	15.00
17B40-1-1	11.21	bc	BC	11206.65	9.65
17B40-2	10.85	bc	BCD	10853.40	6.20
17B4-1	10.70	bc	BCD	10703.40	4.73
毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3（CK）	10.22	cd	CDE	10220.10	0.00
17B4-2	9.37	de	DE	9373.35	−8.29
06B24-2	8.98	e	E	8976.75	−12.17

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表 3 闽豆13号2年区域试验不同地点产量

Table 3. Yield of Mindou No. 13 at different test sites of 2020–2021 regional trials （单位：kg）

年份 Year	品种 Variety	南平 Nanping	漳州 Zhangzhou	莆田 Putian	连江 Lianjiang	翔安 Xiang’an	明溪 Mingxi	泉州 Quanzhou	平均 Average
2020	闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	12.93	15.25	14.43	11.83	17.52	16.47	17.33	15.11
	毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3（CK）	10.80	18.10	15.11	11.27	15.70	14.68	16.09	14.54
	平均 Average	11.87	16.68	14.77	11.55	16.61	15.58	16.71	14.83
2021	闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	10.50	21.79	13.24	10.70	15.12	15.57	19.12	15.15
	毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3（CK）	10.33	21.52	12.29	10.57	15.11	14.85	17.07	14.48
	平均 Average	10.42	21.66	12.77	10.64	15.11	15.21	18.10	14.85
产量为每小区产量，小区面积为13.3 m²。 The yield is per plot yield, plot size was 13.3 m².

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表 4 闽豆13号2年内区域试验的产量表现

Table 4. Yield of Mindou No. 13 at 2020–2021 regional trials

年份 Year	收获产量 Harvest yield/（kg·hm⁻²）		增产率 Yield increase rate/%	标准荚产量 Standard pod yield/（kg·hm⁻²）		增产率 Yield increase rate/%	标准荚率 Standard pod rate/%
年份 Year	闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3（CK）	增产率 Yield increase rate/%	闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3 （CK）	增产率 Yield increase rate/%	标准荚率 Standard pod rate/%
2020	11335.35	10907.85	3.92^**	8466.90	8375.10	1.10	74.69
2021	11361.30	10901.25	4.22	7620.45	7346.10	3.73	67.07
平均 Average	11348.40	10904.55	4.07	8044.05	7860.30	2.34	70.88
表示差异极显著（P<0.01）。 means the difference is extremely significant (P<0.01).

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表 5 闽豆13号2年在区域试验的高产和稳定性综合评价

Table 5. Yield and stability of Mindou No. 13 evaluated at 2020–2021 regional trials

年份 Year	品种 Variety	丰产性参数 Fertility parameters		稳定性参数 Stability parameters
年份 Year	品种 Variety	小区产量 Plot yield/kg	效应值 Efficiency value	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	稳定性系数 Stability coefficient	回归方程 Regression equation	综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation
2020	闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	15.11	0.74	0.630	5.25	0.9853	Y=1.0689+0.9853x	很好 Very Good
2020	毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3（CK）	14.54	0.29	1.858	9.38	1.0953	Y=−1.0722+1.0953x	好 Good
2021	闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	15.15	0.88	0.990	6.57	1.0469	Y=0.0650+1.0469x	很好 Very Good
2021	毛豆3号（CK） Maodou No.3（CK）	14.48	0.13	0.152	2.68	1.0138	Y=−0.0722+1.0138x	好 Good

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表 6 闽豆13号和毛豆3号（CK）炭疽病抗性鉴定

Table 6. Resistance to Anthracnose of Mindou No. 13 and Maodou No. 3

品种 Variety	年份 Year	病情指数 Disease index	抗性评价 Resistance evaluation
闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	2020	51.25	感病（S）
闽豆13号 Mindou No.13	2021	57.90	感病（S）
毛豆3号 Maodou No.3	2020	50.62	感病（S）
毛豆3号 Maodou No.3	2021	46.55	感病（S）

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