Identification and VP1 Sequencing of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 3
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摘要:
目的 探明引起安徽某鸭场雏鸭肝脏出血和大量死亡的病原及其遗传进化特征。 方法 对安徽省某鸭场的病死雏鸭中采集的出血肝脏开展鸭已知病原核酸检测、病原分离鉴定和动物回归试验，在明确其病原为鸭3型甲肝病毒（Duck hepatitis A virus type 3, DHAV-3）的基础上分析其VP1基因序列分子特征。 结果 细菌分离结果显示，未分离到细菌；经病毒核酸（RT-）PCR检测结果显示，鸭3型甲肝病毒（DHAV-3）核酸阳性，未检测出其他已知引起鸭肝出血的病毒核酸。将该阳性样品经鸭胚进行病毒分离与传代，发现接种后鸭胚发生死亡，胚体全身出血，对第5代尿囊液经RT-PCR检测为DHAV-3，将其命名为AH230225。经测定，该分离株的鸭胚半数致死量（Effective lethal dose 50, ELD50）为10−4.17/0.1 mL。动物回归试验表明，该毒株对樱桃谷雏鸭的致死率为80%，且攻毒死亡鸭肝脏和肾脏的剖检病变与临床典型病变相近。对该分离毒的VP1基因核苷酸序列进行同源性分析，显示AH230225株的VP1基因核苷酸序列与AH07株DHAV-3（安徽分离株）的同源性最高，为98.8%，与GenBank登录的10株DHAV-3分离株VP1基因核苷酸序列同源性为90.4%~98.8%，而与DHAV-1和DHAV-2的VP1基因核苷酸序列同源性分别为62.1%~63.0%、64.6%~64.9%；基于VP1蛋白氨基酸序列的遗传进化显示，该分离株与AH07株DHAV-3处于同一小进化分支上，亲缘关系最近；而与SD01株、G株和韩国株（AP-04009、AP-03337）等亲缘关系较远，即远离DHAV-1和DHAV-2进化分支。 结论 引起安徽某鸭场雏鸭肝脏出血和大量死亡的病原为鸭3型甲肝病毒DHAV-3，同时明确了该毒株VP1基因的分子特征及遗传进化规律，为深入研究DHAV-3的致病机制和制定防控措施提供科学依据。 Abstract:Objective Pathogen that caused duck liver hemorrhage in Anhui Province was identified and its genetics studied. Method A suspected virus strain was isolated from the ducks suffered from liver hemorrhage at a poultry farm in Anhui Province. Pathogenic nucleic acid and an animal regression test were employed to identify the culprit. VP1 of the confirmed duck hepatitis A virus type 3 (DHAV-3) were sequenced and analyzed using biological software. Results No bacterial pathogens were isolated from the culture of the diseased duck liver tissue. However, the specimens were tested positive for DHAV-3 but free of other viruses commonly known for duck liver hemorrhages by RT-PCR. The duck embryos inoculated with the isolate died with massive hemorrhages, and the 5th generation allantoic fluid detected presence of DHAV-3 by RT-PCR. The isolate was subsequently code-named AH230225 and determined to have the effective lethal dose 50 (ELD50) of 10−4.17/0.1 mL. In an animal regression test, the Cherry Valley ducklings had a mortality rate of 80%. The dissected lesions in the liver and kidneys of the dead ducks were similar to the typical clinical specimen. The sequenced VP1 nucleotides of AH230225 showed the greatest homology of 98.8% with the DHAV-3 of Anhui isolate, AH07. Its homologies with the 10 strains of DHAV-3 listed in GenBank were 90.4%~98.8%, with DHAV-1, 62.1%–63.0%, and with DHAV-2, 64.6%–64.9%. It appeared that the VP1 of AH230225 was genetically most closely related to that of AH07 but farther from those of SD01, G, or Korean AP-04009 and AP-03337. In other words, it was distant from DHAV-1 and DHAV-2 on the evolutionary branch. Conclusion The virus that caused the liver hemorrhage on ducks at the farm in Anhui was identified to be DHAV-3 with VP1 closely related genetically to that of AH07. -
Key words:
- Duck hepatitis A virus type 3 /
- isolation and identification /
- VP1
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图 1 临床样品RT-PCR检测
M为2000 DNA Maker，1为鸭3型甲肝病毒，2为鸭3型腺病毒，3为禽流感病毒，4为番鸭细小病毒，5为鹅细小病毒，6为番鸭呼肠孤病毒，7为鸭1型甲肝病毒，8为鸭星状病毒，9为阴性对照。
Figure 1. RT-PCR detection on clinical samples
M: 2000 DNA marker; 1: DHAV-3; 2: duck adenovirus type 3 (DAdV-3); 3: avian influenza virus (AIV); 4: Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV); 5: goose parvovirus (GPV); 6: Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV); 7: DHAV-1; 8: duck astrovirus (DAstV); 9: control.
图 2 死亡鸭胚体变化
A为正常鸭胚；B为死亡鸭胚。
Figure 2. Changes occurred to dead duck embryo
A: normal duck embryo; B: dead duck embryo.
图 3 分离株RT-PCR检测
M为2000 DNA Maker，1为阳性对照，2为AH230225，3为阴性对照。
Figure 3. RT-PCR detection of isolates
M: 2000 DNA marker; 1: positive control; 2: AH230225; 3: control.
图 5 AH230225株VP1基因PCR扩增
M为2000 DNA Maker，1为阳性对照，2为AH230225，3为阴性对照。
Figure 5. PCR amplification map on VP1 of AH230225
M: 2000 DNA marker; 1: positive control; 2: AH230225; 3: control.
表 1 RT-PCR扩增引物
Table 1. Primers for RT-PCR amplification
引物名称
Primers引物序列
Sequences（5′-3′）退火温度
Annealing temperature/ ℃片段长度
Product size/bpDHAV-3 VP1 F：ATGGCCGCCAATAACCAGGGTGATTC 55 738 R：TTCAATTTCCAAATGGAGCTCAAAGGCAAGTG DHAV-3 F：CACAAACAGCGTAAACGCCA 52 211 R：GCAAGCCTTGGGGATTTTGG 
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表 2 DHAV参考毒株
Table 2. Reference DHAV strains
登录号
Locus毒株
Virus血清型
Serotype分离时间
Time分离地
IsolateJX390982 FZ86 DHAV-1 1986年 中国福建
Fujian, ChinaDQ219396 DRL-62 DHAV-1 1962年 美国
USAJX390984 FZ99 DHAV-1 1999年 中国福建
Fujian, ChinaDQ812092 DHV-HSS DHAV-1 1995年 韩国
KoreaEF067924 90D DHAV-2 1990年 中国台湾
Taiwan, ChinaEF067923 04G DHAV-2 2004年 中国台湾
Taiwan, ChinaDQ256133 AP-04009 DHAV-3 2004年 韩国
KoreaDQ256132 AP-03337 DHAV-3 2003年 韩国
KoreaEU75509 G DHAV-3 2002年 中国广西
Guangxi, ChinaKU860089 NC DHAV-3 - - GQ485310 SD01 DHAV-3 2008年 中国山东
Shandong, ChinaHQ654774 JS2010 DHAV-3 2010年 中国江苏
Jiangsu, ChinaMH752739 CH DHAV-3 2015年 中国四川
Sichuan, ChinaKP995438 EY DHAV-3 2014年 中国山东
Shandong, ChinaMN953474 SD DHAV-3 2011年 中国山东
Shandong, ChinaMT767252 AH07 DHAV-3 2018年 中国安徽
Anhui, China
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表 3 樱桃谷鸭动物回归试验结果
Table 3. Animal regression test results on Cherry Valley ducks
组别
Groups数量
Number/
羽攻毒后7 d内的死亡鸭数量
Number of dead ducklings during
7 days post infectious/羽死亡率
Mortality/%1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AH230225 5 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 80 (4/5) 对照组CK 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0(0/5)
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