Nutrients in Soil Layers at Vineyards in Regions of Hu'nan
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摘要: 研究分析湖南省不同地区的葡萄种植土壤不同土层的养分特征，以期为湖南省葡萄种植的土壤养分管理以及合理施肥提供参考。本研究选择湘北、湘中、湘南、湘西4个有代表性的葡萄种植区取样，测定分析了各地区0~20、20~40、40~60 cm 3个土层的养分差异。结果表明：（1）4个地区的土壤pH值在5.0~6.1，均随着土层深入而逐渐增加；（2）不同地区土壤有机质含量差异显著，0~20 cm土层湘西地区的土壤有机质含量最高（27.4 g·kg-1），湘北地区最低（16.7 g·kg-1），4个地区的土壤有机质含量均随土层深入而降低；（3）随着土层的深入，4个地区土壤全氮和碱解氮含量均呈降低趋势，0~20 cm土层，湘西地区的土壤全氮和碱解氮含量均最高，分别为1.68 g·kg-1和149.2 mg·kg-1；（4）随着土层的深入，4个地区的土壤全磷和有效磷含量均呈下降趋势，0~20 cm土层，4个地区的土壤全磷差异不显著，土壤有效磷含量湘南地区最高（32.0 mg·kg-1），湘中地区最低（8.8 mg·kg-1）；（5）0~20 cm土层，湘西地区的土壤全钾含量最高（19.2 g·kg-1），湘北地区土壤速效钾含量最高（639.9 mg·kg-1），4个地区土壤全钾和速效钾含量均随土层加深而降低。通过施用碱性肥料中和偏酸性土壤，对于养分含量低的地区合理的增加肥料的投入，再加上规范化的管理措施，有助于葡萄提高产量，提升品质。Abstract: Contents of nutrients in soil layers at vineyards in 4 regions of Hunan province were determined for efficient management and fertilization. The sampling of the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers took place at 4 typical areas in Xiangbei, Xiangzhong, Xiangnan and Xiangxi. The results showed that (1) the soil pHs ranged from 5.0 to 6.1 with a gradual increase along with the depth of the soil at a same location; (2) significant variations in content of organic matters existed among the regions that decreased with the depth, and the greatest was found in 0-20 cm layer sample from Xiangxi (i.e., 27.4 g·kg-1), while the lowest, from Xiangbei (i.e., 16.7 g·kg-1); (3) the deeper the soil beneath the ground level, the lower the contents of total and alkaline nitrogen, as Xiangxi had the highest total nitrogen at 1.68 g·kg-1 and available nitrogen at 149.2 mg·kg-1 in the 0-20 cm layer; (4) the contents of total and available phosphorus declined with the depth, but no significant difference on total phosphorus among the regions in 0-20 cm layer, however, the available phosphorus was the highest in Xiangnan (i.e., 32 mg·kg-1) and the lowest in Xiangzhong (i.e., 8.8 mg·kg-1); (5) the potassium was found less in the deeper layers in 0-20 cm layer, the highest total potassium content was 19.2 g·kg-1 in Xiangxi, and the available potassium at 639.9 mg·kg-1 in Xiangbei. It appeared that the acidity of the soil could be neutralized by using alkaline fertilizers, and a balanced fertility be achieved by appropriate applications coupled with proper management for the vineyards in the regions.
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Key words:
- Hu'nan province /
- vineyard /
- soil /
- nutrient
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图 2 湖南省不同地区葡萄园各土层土壤有机质含量
Figure 2. Organic matters in soil layers at vineyards in regions of Hu′nan
表 1 湖南省不同地区葡萄园不同土层土壤全氮含量情况
Table 1. Total nitrogen in soil layers at vineyards in regions of Hu′nan
[单位/(g·kg-1)] 地区 土层深度/cm 0~20 20~40 40~60 湘北 1.01 bA1 0.64 aB1 0.54 aB1 湘中 1.17 bA2 0.71 aB2 0.60 aB2 湘南 0.93 bA3 0.61 aB3 0.55 aB3 湘西 1.68 aA4 0.84 aB4 0.54 aC4 
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表 2 湖南省不同地区葡萄园不同土层土壤碱解氮含量
Table 2. Alkali hydrolysable nitrogen in soil layers at vineyards in regions of Hu′nan
[单位/(mg·kg-1)] 地区 土层深度/cm 0~20 20~40 40~60 湘北 81.3 bA1 51.5 abB1 42.1 bB1 湘中 119.0 aA2 76.9 aB2 62.3 aB2 湘南 82.3 bA3 43.3 bB3 34.7 bB3 湘西 149.2 aA4 58.1 abB4 37.2 bB4
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表 3 湖南省不同地区葡萄园不同土层土壤全磷含量
Table 3. Total phosphorus in soil layers at vineyards in regions of Hu′nan
[单位/(g·kg-1)] 地区 土层深度/cm 0~20 20~40 40~60 湘北 0.71 aA1 0.56 aA1 0.52 aA1 湘中 0.84 aA2 0.56 aAB2 0.46 abB2 湘南 0.77 aA3 0.43 aB3 0.38 abB3 湘西 0.67 aA4 0.37 aB4 0.29 bB4
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表 4 湖南省不同地区葡萄园不同土层土壤有效磷含量
Table 4. Available phosphorus in soil layers at vineyards in regions of Hu′nan
[单位/(mg·kg-1)] 地区 土层深度/cm 0~20 20~40 40~60 湘北 20.5 bA1 4.6 bB1 2.3 cB1 湘中 8.8 cA2 4.7 bB2 3.9 bcB2 湘南 32.0 aA3 16.9 aB3 10.2 aB3 湘西 25.5 abA4 14.9 aAB4 7.3 abB4
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表 5 湖南省不同地区葡萄园不同土层土壤全钾含量
Table 5. Total potassium in soil layers at vineyards in regions of Hu′nan
[单位/(g·kg-1)] 地区 土层深度/cm 0~20 20~40 40~60 湘北 12.3 bA1 8.9 bB1 7.3 bB1 湘中 14.3 abA2 13.2 abB2 12.4 aB2 湘南 16.6 abA3 14.7 aA3 13.6 aA3 湘西 19.2 aA4 16.6 aAB4 14.3 aB4
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表 6 湖南省不同地区葡萄园不同土层土壤速效钾含量
Table 6. Available potassium in soil layers at vineyards in regions of Hu′nan
[单位/(mg·kg-1)] 地区 土层深度/cm 0~20 20~40 40~60 湘北 639.9 aA1 405.9 aB1 239.6 aB1 湘中 326.9 bA2 288.1 aA2 216.7 abA2 湘南 97.1 cA3 59.6 bB3 31.2 bC3 湘西 98.4 cA4 53.4 bB4 44.4 bB4
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