高产优质文心兰新品种金辉的选育

罗远华; 林兵; 叶秀仙; 钟淮钦; 樊荣辉; 吴建设; 林榕燕; 方能炎; 黄敏玲

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.007

高产优质文心兰新品种金辉的选育

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.007

福建省农业科学院作物研究所/福建省农业科学院花卉研究中心/福建省特色花卉工程技术研究中心, 福建福州 350013

基金项目:

福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目 2014S1477-14

福建省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目 STIT2017-2-9

详细信息

作者简介:
罗远华(1981-), 男, 硕士, 助理研究员, 主要从事兰花栽培与育种研究(E-mail:luoyh426@163.com)

通讯作者:
黄敏玲(1960-), 女, 研究员, 主要从事花卉育种与生物技术研究(E-mail:837223458@qq.com)

中图分类号: S682.31
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-09-25
- 修回日期: 2018-12-09
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-28

Breeding a High-Yield Premium Oncidium, Jinhui

Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Flower Research Center, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Characteristic Floriculture, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China

摘要

摘要: 目的选育产量高、品质优、抗逆性强的文心兰切花新品种，为优化福建文心兰品种结构提供候选品种。方法以主栽品种南西组培移栽苗为材料，利用植物体细胞无性系变异，于花期经田间优株初选、组培扩繁及株系比较试验后，再次优株复选、分子鉴定、组培扩繁和多点试验，选育文心兰切花新品种。结果选育出文心兰新品种金辉，该品种在福建种植时主花期为11月至翌年1月，次主花期为5~6月；盛花期时平均假鳞茎长、假鳞茎宽、花序梗长、花序长分别为10.96、4.11、40.14、78.14 cm，分枝数11.15个，分别比对照南西显著提高了21.64%、18.10%、18.58%、29.18%和22.66%；切花产量每667 m²达3.07万支，比对照南西显著提高了17.18%；新芽生长位置明显低于对照南西，适应性好，抗逆性强，适宜福建冬季无霜冻及具相似气候条件的地区推广种植。结论利用植物体细胞无性系变异从南西组培移栽苗中筛选出了高产、优质、抗逆性强的文心兰切花新品种金辉，研究证实了植物体细胞无性系变异结合组织培养技术应用于切花文心兰新品种的选育是可行的。
- 文心兰 /
- 金辉 /
- 选育 /
- 特征特性
Abstract: Objective A new variety of high-yield, high-resistance, premium Oncidium cutting flower was bred to expand the pool for resource diversification in Fujian. Method The somaclonal variation of the tissue-transplanted seedlings of Onc. Gower Ramsey was used for the breeding. After a preliminary field selection, the tissue culture was extended, and strains compared when flowering. The desirable specimens were subjected to molecular identification, culture extension and multi-point testing for further screening. Result The new variety, Jinhui, was thus obtained. Its primary flowering time in Fujian occurred between November and January with a secondary flowering period from May to June. It had an average pseudobulb length of 10.96 cm, pseudobulb width of 4.11 cm, peduncle length of 40.14 cm, inflorescence length of 78.14 cm and branch count of 11.15 during the blooming period, representing the increases by 21.64%, 18.10%, 18.58%, 29.18% and 22.66%, respectively, as compared with those of control at significant difference level. Its yield on cut flowers reached 30 700/667m², which was a significant increase of 17.18% over control. The new shoots on a plant positioned significantly lower than did on control. Jinhui had good adaptability, strong stress resistance, and excellent applicability for cultivation in Fujian and areas of similar frost-free climate. Conclusion Using plant somaclonal variation of Onc. Gower Ramsey, Jinhui was a new, high-yield, high-quality and strongly resistant variety generated from the transplanted seedlings of the original plant. It demonstrated a technical feasibility of the process for selecting and breeding the cut flower.
- Oncidium /
- Jinhui /
- breeding /
- characteristics

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图 1 金辉品种选育流程

Figure 1. Breeding processes of Jinhui

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图 2 文心兰金辉植株形态特征

Figure 2. Morphological characteristics of Jinhui

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 金辉与南西EST-SSR分子鉴定结果

注：M为50 bp DNA Ladder Marker；1为金辉；2为南西。

Figure 3. EST-SSR molecular identifications of Jinhui and Gower Ramsey

Note:M:50 bp DNA Ladder Marker; 1:Jinhui; 2:Gower Ramsey.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 EST-SSR标记检测引物

Table 1. Tested primers of EST-SSR molecular marker

引物 Primer	引物序列 Prime sequence	长度 Primer length/bp	重复类型 Repetition type
Htc26	5′- TTCGGCCATTAACGGTCC-3′
	5′- TGTGATTTCTTGGGGTGC-3′	215	(TC)₂₆
Hgca10	5′- CTGCACTGCTCCATAAAC-3′
	5′-ACTGAATAGATGCCTCCC-3′	476	(GCA)₁₀
Htct7	5′- GAGCGTGAGTTGTCCTTC-3′
	5′-GAGTCCTCTTTACCACCTTT-3′	308	(TCT)₇

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 金辉多点试验茎叶性状表现

Table 3. Characteristics of pseudobulb and leaf of Jinhui shown in multi-point test

品种 Variety	地点 Site	鳞茎长Pseudobulb length/cm	鳞茎宽Pseudobulb width/cm	叶数Leaf number/枚	叶长Leaf length/cm	叶宽Leaf width /cm
金辉Jinhui	福州	11.13±1.15	4.05±0.34	2.44±0.50	38.48±4.71	3.60±0.35
	福清	10.90±0.89	3.77±0.60	2.34±0.48	37.14±3.49	3.46±0.41
	政和	10.86±1.15	4.50±0.42	2.21±0.41	35.90±2.90	3.29±0.32
	综合平均	10.96±0.15^*	4.11±0.37^*	2.33±0.12	37.17±1.29^*	3.45±0.16^*
南西Nanxi(CK)	福州	9.34±0.96	3.57±0.38	2.36±0.52	31.41±3.79	2.99±0.21
	福清	8.67±1.14	3.42±0.38	2.30±0.47	31.29±3.31	2.87±0.17
	政和	9.03±0.82	3.45±0.32	2.35±0.48	30.81±2.94	2.86±0.15
	综合平均	9.01±0.34	3.48±0.11	2.34±0.03	31.17±0.32	2.91±0.07
注：表示品种间差异显著(P < 0.05)，表 4同。 Note:Represented significant difference from CK(P < 0.05).The same as table 4.

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表 4 金辉多点试验产量与品质表现

Table 4. Yield and quality of Jinhui displayed in multi-point test

品种 Variety	地点 Site	花序梗长 Peduncle length /cm	花序长 Inflorescence length /cm	分枝数Branch number /个	花朵长 Flower length/cm	花朵宽 Flower width/cm	每667 m²年切花产量 Annual cut flower yield per 667 m²/万支
金辉Jinhui	福州	40.94±6.96	77.81±9.26	11.45±1.58	3.99±0.10	3.10±0.13	3.05
	福清	39.93 ±4.51	78.16±7.92	10.55±1.38	3.91±0.16	3.04±0.16	2.99
	政和	39.56±5.10	78.44±6.60	11.44±1.59	3.75±0.15	2.96±0.14	3.17
	综合平均	40.14±0.71^*	78.14±0.32^*	11.15±0.52^*	3.88±0.12	3.03±0.07	3.07±0.09^*
南西Nanxi (CK)	福州	35.16±4.14	61.88±10.51	8.86±2.18	3.87±0.14	3.09±0.14	2.65
	福清	33.76±5.04	60.12±10.20	9.00±2.16	3.77±0.17	2.97±0.21	2.57
	政和	32.63±6.37	59.46±10.52	9.40±1.63	3.65±0.14	2.95±0.20	2.65
	综合平均	33.85±1.27	60.49±1.25	9.09±0.28	3.76±0.11	3.00±0.08	2.62±0.05

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