红蓝光源茶园夜间补光对春茶产量、品质的影响

王加真; 张昕昱; 金星; 黄家春; 陈莹莹

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.008

红蓝光源茶园夜间补光对春茶产量、品质的影响

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.008

1.
遵义师范学院生物与农业科技学院, 贵州遵义 563000
2.
中国科学技术大学物理学院, 安徽合肥 230026
3.
遵义师范学院物理与电子科学学院, 贵州遵义 563000

基金项目:

教育部留学回国人员科研项目 2015-1098

贵州省科学技术基金项目 J2019-1321

赤水河流域环境保护与山地农业发展协同创新中心 2013-11

贵州省教育厅产学研合作示范基地项目 2015-344

贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目 2017-052

大学生创新创业训练计划项目 2018520893

贵州省千层次创新性人才培养项目 2018-6

详细信息

作者简介:
王加真(1977-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 研究方向:茶树生态与茶叶品质(E-mail:247054993@qq.com)

中图分类号: S571.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-12
- 修回日期: 2018-11-02
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-28

Effects of Red and Blue LED Light at Night on Growth and Leaf Quality of Tea Plants

1.
School of Biology and Agriculture Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
2.
School of Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of Chian, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
3.
School of Physics and Electronic Science, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索红蓝LED光源补光对贵州茶区春茶产量和品质的影响，为春茶高品质栽培提供理论依据。方法通过随机区组试验，设夜间不补光（CK）、LED1（红蓝光质比0.81）补光、LED2（红蓝光质比1.65）补光和LED3（红蓝光质比2.10）补光等4种处理，于茶树新梢开始生长时进行不同光源补光处理（21d），研究不同光源补光对春季茶树芽叶生长和品质的影响。结果不同补光处理均能促进茶树芽叶生长及提高茶叶品质，不同红蓝光质比表现不同，其中以蓝光占比最大的LED1处理（红蓝光质比0.81）的补光效果最好，与不补光（对照）相比，可显著增加单芽和一芽二叶的芽头数量（47.4%和74.89%）、重量（12.36%和41.56%）；显著增加一芽一叶和一芽二叶的总叶绿素（25.61%和12.61%）、多酚（23.42%和23.29%）和游离氨基酸含量（32.23%和29.38%），降低酚氨比（-8%和-11.1%）。结论早春低温弱光环境下的茶园应用红蓝光质比为0.81的LED灯进行补光，可延长茶树光合作用时间，提高光合效率，实现高产优质。
- 茶树 /
- 发光二极管(LED)灯 /
- 补光 /
- 光谱能量分布 /
- 生化成分 /
- 酚氨比
Abstract: Objective Effects of red and blue LEDs applied at night in early spring on the growth and tea quality of Qianmei 601 (Camellia sinensis) were studied for the application at plantations in Guizhou. Method Red and blue LEDs at a ratio of 0.81, 1.65 or 2.1 were shone on the tea plants at night for 21 days at a plantation for the experimentation. Result The lighting promoted the bud and leave growth and improved the tea quality. Different red-to-blue light ratios produced different results. The treatment with a 0.81 ratio significantly increased the fresh leaf weight, bud density, total chlorophylls, total polyphenols, and free amino acids in the leaves and decreased the polyphenols/amino acids ratio as compared to control that grew under natural conditions. Conclusion Supplementing light at night with red and blue LEDs at 0.81 ratio on tea plants in early spring when the sunlight and temperature are relatively low appeared beneficial for the biomass buildup and quality improvement.
- Tea plants /
- light-emitting diodes /
- supplement /
- biochemical components /
- spectral energy distribution /
- polyphenols/amino acids ratio

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图 1 茶园试验装置

Figure 1. Experimental setting at tea plantation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 3种LED灯的光谱分布

注：A为绝对光量子分布；B为相对辐射光谱分布。

Figure 2. Spectral distributions of 3 types of LEDs

Note:A:Absolute photon flux distribution; B:Relative radiation spectrum distribution.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试验用LED灯泡的光电特性

Table 1. Specifications of LEDs

处理 Treat-ment	红蓝LED组件数量比 Chip number ratio of red & blue	最大入射波长 Peak wavelengeh Λp/nm	光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically active radiation PAR/W	光合量子通量 Photosynthetic photon flux/(μmol·s^-1)	光子通量 Yield photon flux /(μmol·s^-1·W^-1)	红蓝光质比Photosynthetic photon flux ratio of red light & blue light
LED1	1:1	457.4 & 662.8	2.49	11.01	4.42	0.81
LED2	2:1	456.6 & 661.0	2.20	10.37	4.70	1.65
LED3	3:1	455.8 & 660.2	2.08	10.01	4.79	2.10

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表 2 不同LED灯茶园补光21d后对茶树新梢芽叶的生长影响

Table 2. Growth of buds on Qianmei 601 plants under LED settings for 21 days

处理 Treatment	百芽鲜重Fresh weight of 100/(个·g^-1)			发芽密度Bud density/(个·m^-2)
处理 Treatment	单芽 Apical bud	一芽一叶 Apical bud and subtending one leaf	一芽二叶 Apical bud and subtending two leaves	单芽 Apical bud	一芽一叶 Apical bud and subtending one leaf	一芽二叶 Apical bud and subtending two leaves
CK	6.886±0.71b	15.909±1.10b	20.675±2.61b	365±79b	286±57a	219±52b
LED1	7.737±0.70a	17.348±3.19a	29.267±1.69a	538±86a	229±51a	383±55a
LED2	7.023±0.42b	14.314±1.65bc	22.483±2.46b	617±116a	191±39a	271±68b
LED3	6.873±0.43b	13.345±1.56c	21.700±1.13b	737±143a	254±46a	209±36b
注：表中同一指标用不同小写字母标识表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.01)。表 3、4同。 Note:Different letter within a columnindicates the significantly difference at the 1% levels.The same as table 3-4.

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表 3 不同LED灯茶园补光21d后对茶树新梢芽叶的色素影响

Table 3. Chlorophyll in buds of Qianmei 601 plants under LED settings for 21 days

处理 Treatment	一芽一叶Apical bud and subtending one leaf			一芽二叶Apical bud and subtending two leaves
处理 Treatment	总叶绿素 Total Chlorophylls/%	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids/%	花黄素 Flavone/(mg·g^-1)	总叶绿素 Total Chlorophylls/%	类胡萝卜素 Carotenoids/%	花黄素 Flavone/(mg·g^-1)
CK	0.701±0.015b	0.241±0.017a	7.19±0.68b	0.904±0.07c	0.296±0.017a	7.45±0.58b
LED 1	0.892±0.008a	0.212±0.015a	6.08±1.25b	1.018±0.017a	0.241±0.017b	6.77±0.79b
LED2	0.850±0.016a	0.210±0.014a	7.14±0.80b	1.008±0.034a	0.256±0.019b	9.32±1.10a
LED3	0.756±0.063ab	0.220±0.017a	9.43±0.49a	0.943±0.024b	0.257±0.0164b	10.71±1.20a

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表 4 不同LED灯茶园补光21d后对茶树叶片多酚及游离氨基酸含量的影响

Table 4. Polyphenols and amino acids in leaves of Qianmei plants under LED settings for 21 days

处理 Treatment	一芽一叶Apical bud and subtending one leaf			一芽二叶Apical bud and subtending two leaves
处理 Treatment	多酚 Total ployphenols/%	游离氨基酸 Free amino acid/%	酚氨比	多酚 Total ployphenols/%	游离氨基酸 Free amino acid/%	酚氨比
CK	23.91±1.35c	2.091±0.199c	11.52±1.33b	22.67±0.73c	1.838±0.178c	12.6±1.03b
LED 1	29.51±0.89a	2.765±0.303a	10.60±1.10c	27.95±0.96a	2.378±0.221a	11.2±1.01c
LED2	28.0±0.56ab	2.479±0.243b	11.38±1.05b	25.57±0.63b	1.947±0.179b	13.22±1.23a
LED3	25.96±0.65b	1.968±0.188c	13.28±1.25a	24.05±0.53c	1.772±0.179d	13.69±1.42a

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