淡水驯化条件下红树植物根际土壤微生物群落结构特征

蓝亦琦; 吴则焰; 陈军; 何中声; 刘金福; 罗扬; 兰思仁

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.013

淡水驯化条件下红树植物根际土壤微生物群落结构特征

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.013

蓝亦琦^{1, 2, 3,},
吴则焰^{2, 3, 4},
陈军⁴,
何中声^{1, 2, 3},
刘金福^{1, 2, 3, ,},
罗扬⁴,
兰思仁³

1.
福建农林大学林学院, 福建福州 350002
2.
生态与资源统计福建省高校重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
3.
福建农林大学海峡自然保护区研究中心, 福建福州 350002
4.
福建农林大学生命科学学院, 福建福州 350002

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 31500443

福建省自然科学基金项目 2018J01617

福建农林大学杰出青年项目 XJQ201718

详细信息

作者简介:
蓝亦琦(1993-), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要从事森林生态学研究(E-mail:fafulyq@126.com)

通讯作者:
刘金福(1966-), 男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事森林生态学研究(E-mail:fjljf@126.com)

中图分类号: S718.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-02
- 修回日期: 2018-12-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-01-28

Characteristics of Microbial Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Mangrove Forest Under Freshwater Stress

LAN Yi-qi^{1, 2, 3
,},
WU Ze-yan^{2, 3, 4},
CHEN Jun⁴,
HE Zhong-sheng^{1, 2, 3},
LIU Jin-fu^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
LUO Yang⁴,
LAN Si-ren³

1.
College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resoures Statistics of Universities and Colleges in Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
3.
Cross-Strait Nature Reserve Research Center of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
4.
College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨红树植物在淡水环境中土壤微生态变化，评价红树植物适应性，为红树林在淡水区域引种和推广提供理论基础。方法采用Biolog-ECO微平板技术和磷脂脂肪酸标记法（PLFA），探讨淡水驯化条件下红海榄（Rs）、白骨壤（Am）、拉关木（Lr）、秋茄（Kc）、桐花树（Ac）5种不同红树植物根际土壤微生物群落结构特征，揭示红树林根际土壤微生物群落结构对淡水胁迫的响应规律。结果研究结果表明：5种红树植物土壤理化性质差异显著；代表微生物整体代谢活性的平均颜色变化率（AWCD）由高到低顺序为Am > Kc > Ac > Rs > Lr，Am土壤微生物代谢活性最强；5种红树植物根际土壤微生物利用碳源类型最多为多聚物；而采用PLFA分析微生物群落结构，5种红树植物共检测到17种PLFA生物标记，16:0含量最高，Am土壤总PLFA含量显著高于其他4种红树植物；土壤特征微生物分布量最大是细菌；主成分分析表明Lr、Am位于同一主成分，与Biolog研究结果类似。结论淡水驯化条件下红树植物土壤质量明显优于无红树林裸滩（CK），5种红树植物根际土壤微生物群落结构存在差异，多聚物是根际土壤微生物的主要利用碳源。表征细菌的生物标记含量最多，在根际土壤微生物中起主导作用的依然是细菌。
- 红树林 /
- 淡水 /
- 土壤微生物 /
- Biolog /
- PLFA
Abstract: Objective In order to provide a theoretical basis for the introduction and promotion of mangroves in freshwater areas, we explored the micro-ecological changes and adaptability of mangrove plants in freshwater environments. Method To explore the microbial community structure characteristics of rhizosphere soil of 5 different mangrove plants, including Rhizophora stylosa(Rs), Avicennia marina(Am), Laguncularia racemose(Lr), Kandelia candel(Kc) and Aegiceras corniculatum(Ac), we performed the study by using Biolog-ECO micro plate (BIOLOG) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) for revealing the response of microbial community structure to freshwater stress. Result The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were significantly different among 5 mangrove plants. The average well color development (AWCD) values from high to low were as follows:Am > Kc > Ac > Rs > Lr, and value of Am was the highest among 5 treatments. Ploymers was the most utilized carbon source. The PLFAs analysis was performed to explore the changes in the abundance of soil microbes. The results showed that a total of 17 kinds of PLFA were detected in 5 mangrove plants, and the highest content of PLFAs was 16:0, moreover, the total PLFAs content of Am was significantly higher than the other plants; the group-specific PLFAs in 5 soil samples showed the same trend that content of bacteria reached the maximum. Principal component analysis showed that Lr and Am soils distributed in the same principal component, which was similar to the results of BIOLOG. Conclusion The results indicated that soil of 5 plants was significantly better than unplanted mangrove soil (CK). The microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil was significantly different among mangrove plants. Soil microorganisms of 5 treatments showed the highest utilization of polymers, moreover, biomarkers of bacteria showed the same trend in 5 treatments.
- mangrove forest /
- fresh water /
- soil microorganisms /
- Biolog /
- PLFA

HTML全文

图 1 不同红树植物土壤AWCD值变化曲线

Figure 1. AWCD changes in rhizosphere soils planted with different mangroves

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图 2 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物对6大类碳源利用的AWCD值(120 h)

Figure 2. AWCDs on carbon utilization in 120 h by rhizosphere microorganisms in soils planted with different mangroves

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图 3 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物利用碳源的主成分分析

Figure 3. Principal component analysis on microbial utilization of carbon sources in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants

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图 4 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物PLFA主成分分析(A)及单个磷脂脂肪酸初始载荷因子主成分分析(B)

Figure 4. Principal components analyses on microbial PLFAs in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants (A) and on initial load factor of individual PLFA (B)

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表 1 5种红树植物基本生长状况

Table 1. Basic growth status of 5 varieties of mangrove plants

红树植物 Mangrove plant	平均株高 Average plant height/m	平均地径 Average ground diameter/cm	树龄 Tree age/a
红海缆Rhizophora stylosa	0.57	1.12	2
白骨壤Avicennia marina	1.75	1.82	2
拉关木Laguncularia racemose	1.58	1.78	2
秋茄Kandelia candel	0.36	1.70	2
桐花Aegiceras corniculatum	0.77	1.28	2

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表 2 不同红树植物土壤理化性质

Table 2. Physiochemical properties of soils planted with different mangrove plants

红树植物 Mangrove plant	土壤 pHSoil pH	全氮 Total nitrogen /(g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus /(g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium /(g·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus /(mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen /(mg·kg^-1)
Rs	4.86±0.01d	2.18±0.07cd	0.13±0.01d	1.05±0.02b	138.50±3.19d	2.41±0.18bc	20.53±2.83b
Am	5.09±0.03b	2.51±0.02bc	0.13±0.01d	1.02±0.02b	171.48±2.40c	2.37±0.09c	32.43±1.46a
Lr	5.09±0.02b	2.65±0.17b	0.15±0.003c	1.03±0.02b	244.70±2.28b	2.46±0.01bc	34.53±4.66a
Kc	5.05±0.03b	2.13±0.07cd	0.17±0.002b	1.14±0.02a	245.31±64.72b	3.14±0.24a	16.80±1.85b
Ac	5.00±0.02c	3.75±0.49a	0.18±0.004a	0.93±0.11c	382.69±7.56a	2.65±0.07b	35.23±4.45a
CK	6.12±0.03a	2.11±0.04d	0.05±0.001e	0.62±0.01d	106.72±14.70d	1.18±0.15d	8.63±1.07c
注：同列数据后不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)，表 3、6同。 Note: Different letters after the same column of data indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same as table 3 and 6.

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表 3 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物群落多样性指数

Table 3. Microbial diversity indices of rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants

红树植物 Mangrove plant	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon-wiener指数 Shannon-wiener index	均匀度指数 Pielou index	Brillouin指数 Brillouin index	McIntosh指数 McIntosh index
Rs	0.97±0.004b	3.97±0.07cd	0.80±0.01cd	2.75±0.04b	1.00±0.02b
Am	0.98±0.003ab	4.57±0.11a	0.92±0.02a	3.55±0.17a	0.99±0.03b
Lr	1.00±0.01a	3.76±0.17d	0.76±0.03d	2.11±0.28c	1.09±0.03a
Kc	0.97±0.003b	4.19±0.29bc	0.85±0.06bc	3.09±0.48ab	0.96±0.04ab
Ac	0.99±0.02ab	4.41±0.09ab	0.89±0.02ab	3.29±0.13a	0.96±0.05ab

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表 4 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物各PLFA种类及含量

Table 4. Types and contents of PLFAs in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants

序号 No.	生物标记 Biomarkers	微生物类型 Microbial group	红树植物Different mangrove plants/(μg·g^-1)
序号 No.	生物标记 Biomarkers	微生物类型 Microbial group	Rs	Am	Lr	Kc	Ac
1	a14:0w	革兰氏阳性细菌G+	7.31a	4.26b	4.08b	0	2.40c
2	i13:0w	革兰氏阳性细菌G+	3.53c	10.61a	8.03b	8.15b	4.85c
3	i15:0w	革兰氏阳性细菌G+	0	15.31a	0	0	2.28b
4	16:1w7c	革兰氏阴性细菌G-	8.00c	12.94a	12.65a	7.37c	11.49b
5	16:1w9	革兰氏阴性细菌G-	9.32c	13.19bc	23.12a	14.49b	0
6	cy17:0w	革兰氏阴性细菌G-	0	3.91b	4.25a	3.01c	4.10ab
7	10mel17:0w	放线菌actinomycete	5.38b	7.08a	5.34b	2.88c	6.03ab
8	10mel19:0w	放线菌actinomycete	7.52bc	9.91ab	11.37a	4.67d	6.28cd
9	15:0	细菌bacteria	9.71bc	4.20d	14.50a	11.67b	7.71c
10	16:0	细菌bacteria	32.11cd	47.93a	42.96b	36.48c	28.31d
11	20:0	细菌bacteria	2.99b	0	0	0	5.97a
12	22:0	细菌bacteria	5.68b	10.53a	3.88c	4.50bc	4.06c
13	23:0	细菌bacteria	4.87b	9.70a	0	5.09b	0
14	30:0	细菌bacteria	18.41b	5.18c	7.78c	25.09a	18.10b
15	24:0	细菌bacteria	11.67c	17.50a	4.81d	6.89d	14.55b
16	18:2w6c	真菌fungi	22.51a	0	0	0	0
17	18:1w9	真菌fungi	0	28.29a	11.24b	8.67b	10.68b
注：同行数据后不同字母表示差异显著(P < 0.05)。表 5同。 Note: Different letters after the same line indicate significant difference (P < 0.05), the same as table 5.

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表 5 不同红树植物根际土壤特征微生物类群PLFA含量

Table 5. PLFA content of microbial populations in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants

特征微生物类群 Microbial groups	不同红树植物Different mangrove plants/(μg·g^-1)
特征微生物类群 Microbial groups	Rs	Am	Lr	Kc	Ac
细菌bacteria	61.56c	77.53a	69.12b	82.83a	50.35d
革兰氏阳性细菌G+	10.85bc	30.17a	12.11b	8.15d	9.53cd
革兰氏阴性细菌G-	17.32d	30.04b	40.02a	24.87c	15.59d
真菌fungi	22.51b	28.29a	11.25c	10.68c	8.67c
放线菌actinomycete	13.11b	17.65a	16.72a	7.88b	12.30c
革兰氏阳性细菌/革兰氏阴性细菌G+/G-	0.63b	1.01a	0.31c	0.33c	0.21d
真菌/细菌fungi/bacteria	0.37a	0.37a	0.16c	0.10d	0.21b
正常饱和磷脂脂肪酸/单烯不饱和磷脂脂肪酸Ns/ms	4.24a	1.75c	1.58c	2.93b	2.94b

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表 6 不同红树植物根际土壤微生物群落多样性指数

Table 6. Diversity indices of microbial communities in soils planted with different mangroves

红树植物类型 mangrove types	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon-wiener指数 Shannon-wiener index	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index	Brillouin指数 Brillouin index	McIntosh指数 McIntosh index
Rs	0.89±0.003b	3.60±0.02c	0.90±0.005b	3.60±0.02c	0.67±0.005b
Am	0.90±0.0005a	3.72±0.01a	0.91±0.003a	3.72±0.01a	0.69±0.0008a
Lr	0.90±0.002b	3.67±0.02b	0.90±0.005b	3.67±0.02b	0.68±0.003b
Kc	0.88±0.003c	3.52±0.01d	0.88±0.006c	3.52±0.02d	0.66±0.004c
Ac	0.90±0.002a	3.71±0.01a	0.91±0.002a	3.71±0.01a	0.69±0.003a

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表 7 红树植物土壤理化性质与PLFA标记的相关性

Table 7. Correlation between physiochemical properties and PLFA markers in rhizosphere soils of different mangrove plants

因子 Factors	土壤 pHSoil pH	全氮 Total nitrogen /(g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorus /(g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium /(g·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium /(mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus /(mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen /(mg·kg^-1)
细菌bacteria	0.17	0.75^**	-0.01	0.73^**	-0.52^*	0.35	0.79^**
革兰氏阳性菌G+	0.43	-0.20	-0.67^**	-0.05	-0.44	-0.47	0.27
革兰氏阴性菌G-	0.61^*	0.27	-0.11	-0.31	-0.48	0.11	0.76^**
真菌fungi	-0.12	-0.42	-0.87^**	0.06	-0.58^*	-0.75^**	-0.08
放线菌Actinomycete	0.43	-0.53^*	-0.68^**	0.27	-0.41	-0.63^*	0.14
注：为显著相关P < 0.05；为极显著相关P < 0.01。 Note: Indicates the correlation is significan，P＜0.05；** Indicates the correlation is highly significant，P＜0.01.

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