Genetic Variations on Traits of F1 Litchi chinensis Leaves and Branches
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摘要:
目的 探究荔枝枝叶性状在杂交群体中的分离规律和遗传变异特征,为荔枝杂交育种的亲本选配提供参考。 方法 对三月红(♀)×紫娘喜(♂)杂交的258株F1代的复叶主轴长、叶柄长、叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶形指数、鲜重、干重、比叶重、枝皮率等10个枝叶性状指标进行鉴定,分析各性状变幅、分布频率、变异系数及广义遗传力等。 结果 10个表型数量性状变异系数的平均值为12.37%。叶面积的变异系数最大,为15.67%,其次是复叶主轴长(13.93%),最小为叶长(9.23%)。各指标测量值均呈正态分布。复叶主轴长、叶长、叶宽、鲜重、干重、叶面积、比叶重等F1代平均值均高于亲中值,而叶柄长、叶形指数、枝皮率F1代平均值均低于亲中值,说明基因重组可形成一定程度的非加性效应,导致超亲个体的出现。广义遗传力最高为叶柄长(0.87),其次是叶形指数(0.75),各指标广义遗传力平均值为0.45;叶宽性状在F1代超高亲率最高,为99.22%;超低亲率最高为叶柄长,占比86.82%。 结论 荔枝枝叶性状在杂交群体中显示出较为广泛的变异,部分性状易受环境影响。 Abstract:Objective The segregation and genetic variations on the traits of branches and leaves of F1 litchi hybrid population were examined for parent selection in cross breeding. [Methods] Ten branch and leaf characteristics, such as length of compound leaf and areas of petiole and leaves, of 258 F1 hybrids of Litchi chinensis Sonn. between Sanyuehong (♀) and Ziniangxi (♂) were examined. The amplitude, distribution frequency, coefficient of variation, and general heritability of the traits were determined and classified. Results The coefficients of variation on the 10 quantified phenotypic characteristics ranged from 9.23% to 15.67% with an average of 12.37%. Among the traits, leaf area had the highest coefficient at 15.67% followed by length of compound leaf at 13.93%, and the lowest, leaf length at 9.23%. All measured indices were normally distributed. The average spindle length, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, and specific leaf weight of compound leaves were higher than those of the parents, while the average petiole length, leaf shape index, and branch bark rate lower than those of the parents. It indicated that the gene recombination could, to some degree, give a non-additive effect leading to the emergence of F1 hybrids with traits surpassed those of the parents. The averaged general heritability on all traits was 0.45, with petiole length being the greatest at 0.87 and leaf shape index at 0.75. The greatest extremely high parentage rate at 99.22% was observed on leaf width, while the lowest of low parentage rate on petiole length that accounted for 86.82% of the F1 population. Conclusion The branch and leaf traits of litchi F1 hybrids varied widely. Some of the characteristics were easily affected by the environment. -
Key words:
- Litchi chinensis Sonn. /
- Sanyuehong /
- Ziniangxi /
- leaf and branch traits /
- genetic variation
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表 1 三月红×紫娘喜F1代叶片和枝皮率表型变异
Table 1. Genetic variations on leaf traits and cortex ratio in F1 Sanyuehong × Ziniangxi population
指标
Index亲本 Parents F1群体 F1 population 母本
Female父本
Male亲中值
Mid-parent
value平均值±
标准差
$\overline { X}\pm { {S D} }$变异系数
CV/%广义
遗传力
H2超高亲
比率
HH/%超低亲
比率
LL/%双亲间
比率
MM/%复叶主轴长
Length of the compound leaf /cm11.05±1.57 5.44±0.15 8.25 11.84±1.65 13.93 0.15 24.41 0 75.59 叶柄长
Length of petiole/mm5.25±0.58 5.55±1.37 5.4 4.69±0.54 11.51 0.87 5.03 86.82 8.15 叶长
Length of leaflet/cm11.18±0.65 8.69±0.63 9.34 11.49±1.06 9.23 0.27 61.24 1.16 37.6 叶宽
Leaf width/cm3.22±0.22 2.74±0.26 2.98 4.02±0.41 10.22 0.59 99.22 0 0.77 叶形指数
Leaf index3.47±0.07 3.22±0.04 3.35 2.88±0.31 10.76 0.75 2.71 85.65 11.64 鲜重
Fresh weight of leaflet/g0.50±0.04 0.40± 0.06 0.45 0.65±0.08 12.31 0.55 98.44 0 1.56 干重
Dry weigth of leaflet/g0.24±0.02 0.14±0.21 0.19 0.29±0.04 13.79 0.17 89.53 0 10.47 叶面积
Area of leaflet/cm223.40±2.71 17.04±3.12 20.4 31.78±4.98 15.67 0.55 98.07 0 1.93 比叶重
Specific leaf weight/(g·cm−2)0.0101±0.0008 0.0081±0.0014 0.0091 0.0092±0.0012 13.38 0.43 25.21 16.27 58.52 枝皮率
Branch cortex rate/%21.50±4.94 22.50±2.12 22 21.94±2.84 12.98 0.21 40.27 37.2 22.53 -
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