Effects of Various Fruit-bagging Pouches on Coloration and Anthocyanin Synthesis-related Gene Expression of Hongyang Kiwifruits
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摘要:
目的 探讨不同类型果袋对低纬度地区（广西）红阳猕猴桃果实色泽及花色苷合成相关基因表达的影响。 方法 以红阳猕猴桃为试材，采用4种不同类型果袋（复合袋、黄袋、黑袋、白袋）套袋处理，研究了各处理不同时期果实的中果皮叶绿素、类黄酮含量和色差值，内果皮花色苷、可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉含量、色差值和花色苷合成相关基因表达情况。 结果 白袋处理的内果皮花色苷含量、a值、h值和中果皮的L值较低，显著低于黑袋和复合袋处理，中果皮叶绿素含量较高，白袋处理促进了中果皮叶绿素含量的增加，降低了内果皮花色苷着色，其花色苷合成结构基因AcCHI和AcDFR2和AcF3GGT1在多个采样时期的表达量均为最低。复合袋处理内果皮花色苷含量较高、中果皮叶绿素含量较低，与a值、b值、色度角相对应，同时提高了内果皮和中果皮的可溶性糖含量，复合袋一方面促进了内果皮着色，另一方面抑制了中果皮叶绿素合成，同时其内果皮AcF3GT1表达量除140 d外均显著高于其他处理。黄袋和黑袋处理整体效果介于白袋和复合袋之间。 结论 套复合袋处理的果实叶绿素含量降低，果肉呈现黄绿色，花色苷含量提高，红色更为凸显，其AcF3GT1表达量显著提高，可能在猕猴桃花青苷的合成过程中起着重要作用，很有可能是花青苷合成的关键基因。 Abstract:Objective Effects of different fruit-bagging pouches on the coloration and the expression of the gene related to anthocyanin synthesis in kiwifruits on low latitude lands were studied. Method Composite, yellow-, black-, and white-colored pouches were used to bag the Hongyang kiwifruits in an experiment. Variations caused by the treatments on the chlorophyll, flavonoids, and color in the mesocarp as well as those on the anthocyanin, soluble sugar, soluble starch, color, and expression of the gene related to anthocyanin synthesis in the endocarp at different growth stages of the kiwifruits were monitored. Result The anthocyanin content and colorimetric a, h, and L in the endocarp of the kiwifruits bagged in the white pouches were significantly lower than those of the fruits enveloped in the black or composite pouches. The chlorophyll in mesocarp was higher and the expressions of the anthocyanin synthesis genes AcCHI, AcDFR2, and AcF3GGT1 the lowest during several sampling periods. The fruits bagged in the composite pouches contained significantly more anthocyanin in the endocarp and less chlorophyll in the mesocarp with corresponding a, b, and chromaticity angle than those in the other kinds of pouch. The fruits also had a higher soluble sugar content in the endocarp and mesocarp, and a significantly higher expression level on AcF3GT1 in the endocarp, except on the 140 d. Overall, the degrees of the effects on coloration and gene expression of the kiwifruits by bagging with the yellow or black pouch lied in between those with the white and the composite pouches. Conclusion Kiwifruits bagged in the composite pouches had a chartreuse-colored pulp and a more reddish colored endocarp with lower chlorophyll but higher anthocyanin content than those in the other kinds of pouch. The significantly elevated AcF3GT1 expression by any of the bagging treatments suggested an important role the gene might play in the anthocyanin synthesis in the fruits. -
Key words:
- Kiwifruit /
- anthocyanin /
- structure gene /
- bagging
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图 1 不同果袋对猕猴桃内果皮花色苷含量的影响
同一时期数据的不同字母表示在 P＜0.05 水平下差异显著，下同。
Figure 1. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on anthocyanin content in kiwifruit endocarp
Data with different letters within same period indicate significant difference at P＜0.05; those without letters, no significant difference. Same for below.
图 2 不同果袋对猕猴桃中果皮叶绿素含量的影响
Figure 2. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on chlorophyll content in kiwifruit mesocarp
图 3 不同果袋对猕猴桃中果皮类黄酮含量的影响
Figure 3. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on flavonoids content in kiwifruit mesocarp
图 4 不同果袋对猕猴桃内果皮可溶性糖含量的影响
Figure 4. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on soluble sugar content in kiwifruit endocarp
图 5 不同果袋对猕猴桃中果皮可溶性糖含量的影响
Figure 5. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on soluble sugar content in kiwifruit mesocarp
图 6 不同果袋对猕猴桃内果皮花色苷合成的结构基因表达的影响
Figure 6. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on structural gene expression of kiwifruit mesocarp
表 1 不同果袋类型规格
Table 1. Specifications of fruit-bagging pouches
规格
Specifications/（cm×cm）产地
Production location备注
Remarks复合袋 Composite bag 15×18 信石家庄 外层为深黄色疏水纸，中间层为黑纸，里层为白无纺布 黄袋 Yellow bag 15×18 江苏徐州 单层纸袋，内外均为黄色 黑袋 Black bag 15×18 江苏徐州 单层纸袋，外黑内白 白袋 White bag 28×20 安徽安庆 单层无纺布，白色 
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表 2 不同果袋对猕猴桃内果皮和中果皮L值的影响
Table 2. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on colorimetric L of kiwifruit endocarp and mesocarp
处理
TreatmentL值-内果皮
Lvalue-endocanpL值-中果皮
Lvalue-mesocarp95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 黑袋 Blackbag 60.49 a 58.93 a 57.20 a 53.59 a 36.54 a 63.92 a 66.39 a 72.64 a 71.01 a 57.45 a 白袋 Whitebag 59.38 a 59.59 a 58.57 a 51.57 a 35.86 a 62.94 a 64.27 a 64.73 c 63.66 c 49.52 a 黄袋 Yellowbag 57.11a 55.73 a 55.53 a 51.58 a 32.96 a 61.56 a 64.01 a 64.80 c 66.26 bc 49.26 a 复合袋 compositebag 61.42 a 58.09 a 54.92 a 54.29 a 37.97 a 63.46 a 67.48 a 69.88 b 70.23 ab 59.13 a 同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著（P＜0.05），下同。
Different lowercase letters in the same column represented significant difference(P＜0.05), the same as below.
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表 3 不同果袋对猕猴桃内果皮和中果皮a值的影响
Table 3. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on colorimetric a of kiwifruit endocarp and mesocarp
处理
Treatmenta值-内果皮
a value-endocanpa值-中果皮
L value-mesocarp95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 黑袋 Black bag 10.93 b 5.58 bc 17.82 a 17.16 a 12.86 ab −8.58 a −6.90 a −3.18 a 1.00 a 0.47 a 白袋 White bag 9.18 b 1.89 c 9.73 b 12.72 b 8.66 b −9.34 a −9.09 b −7.94 b −4.56 c −2.68 b 黄袋 Yellow bag 14.87 a 13.12 a 11.64 b 10.61 b 9.65 b −8.46 a −8.18 ab −8.14 b −5.10 c −2.50 b 复合袋 Composite bag 9.15 b 9.99 ab 16.52 a 17.57 a 16.69 a −8.62 a −7.49 a −4.28 a 0.19 b 0.82 a
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表 4 不同果袋对猕猴桃内果皮和中果皮b值的影响
Table 4. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on colorimetric b of kiwifruit endocarp and mesocarp
处理
Treatmentb值-内果皮
b value-endocanpb值-中果皮
b value-mesocarp95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 黑袋 Black bag 21.65 a 25.09 a 15.80 a 15.35 a 11.35 a 35.98 a 35.82 ab 32.12 a 29.67 b 31.24 a 白袋 White bag 22.75 a 25.90 a 19.61 a 17.43 a 13.02 a 36.01 a 36.98 a 34.63 a 33.43 a 27.16 a 黄袋 Yellow bag 20.76 a 19.56 b 18.61 a 15.49 a 10.22 a 34.37 a 35.58 ab 34.99 a 34.13 a 26.75 a 复合袋 Composite bag 23.32 a 20.67 b 16.79 a 14.55 a 11.70 a 35.34 a 34.52 b 32.99 a 28.99 b 29.56 a
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表 5 不同果袋对猕猴桃内果皮和中果皮h值的影响
Table 5. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on colorimetric h of kiwifruit endocarp and mesocarp
处理
Treatmenth值-内果皮
h value-endocanph值-中果皮
h value-mesocarp95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 黑袋 Black bag 0.55 ab 0.24 bc 1.16 a 1.17 a 1.17 ab −0.24 a −0.19 a −0.10 a 0.04 a 0.02 a 白袋 White bag 0.41 b 0.07 c 0.50 b 0.80 a 0.69 b −0.26 b −0.25 c −0.23 b −0.14 c −0.10 b 黄袋 Yellow bag 0.72 a 0.69 a 0.65 b 0.71 a 0.99 ab −0.25 ab −0.23 bc −0.23 b −0.15 c −0.10 b 复合袋 Composite bag 0.45 ab 0.48 ab 1.01 a 1.24 a 1.45 a −0.25 ab −0.22 ab −0.13 a 0.01 b 0.03 a
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表 6 不同果袋对猕猴桃内果皮和中果皮色度角h*的影响
Table 6. Effect of different fruit-bagging pouches on colorimetric hue angle of kiwifruit endocarp and mesocarp
处理
Treatment色度角h*-内果皮
Hue angle/°-endocanp色度角h*-中果皮
Hue angle/°-mesocarp95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 95 d 110 d 125 d 140 d 147 d 黑袋 Black bag 63.13 ab 77.78 a 42.23 b 41.78 ab 41.61 b 102.46 b 99.92 c 94.63 b 89.04 b 89.28 b 白袋 White bag 68.82 a 86.84 a 64.48 a 53.51 ab 56.91 a 103.61 a 102.86 a 101.97 a 96.81 a 94.65 a 黄袋 Yellow bag 55.33 b 57.23 b 58.26 a 56.64 a 46.98 ab 102.88 ab 102.01 ab 102.17 a 97.55 a 94.59 a 复合袋 Composite bag 66.78 ab 65.11 b 46.06 b 40.66 b 35.26 b 102.76 ab 101.29 bc 96.35 b 89.14 b 88.29 b
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表 7 猕猴桃内果皮色度角h*与花色苷积累的相关分析结果
Table 7. Correlations between soluble sugar and anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit endocarp
黑袋
Black bag白袋
White bag黄袋
Yellow bag复合袋
Composite bag相关性 relevance −0.665 −0.350 −0.125 −0.930* **表示极显著相关（P＜0.01），*表示显著相关（P＜0.05），下同。
** represented extremely significant difference(P＜0.01)，* indicates significant correlation（P＜0.05）。The same as below.
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表 8 猕猴桃内果皮可溶性糖与花色苷积累的相关分析结果
Table 8. Correlation between soluble sugar and anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit endocarp
黑袋
Black bag白袋
White bag黄袋
Yellow bag复合袋
Composite bag相关性 relevance 0.975** 0.758 0.460 0.912*
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