木棉花芽分化过程中的形态特征及内源激素含量变化

胡双玲; 林弓天; 陈哲泓; 尹秦婠; 陈清西; 袁媛

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.009

木棉花芽分化过程中的形态特征及内源激素含量变化

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2024.08.009

1.
福建农林大学园艺学院，福建　福州　350002
2.
福州市绿化管理处，福建　福州　350003

基金项目: 福州市绿化管理处横向项目（KH230079A）；福建农林大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目（X202310389003）

详细信息

作者简介:
胡双玲（1999 —），女，硕士研究生，主要从事园艺植物生理生化研究，E-mail：2318073055@qq.com

通讯作者:
袁媛（1988 —），女，博士，主要从事观赏植物栽培及花色花香相关次生代谢研究，E-mail：yuanyuan@fafu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S685.99
计量
- 文章访问数: 40
- HTML全文浏览量: 22
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-21
- 修回日期: 2024-07-17
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-28

Changes in Morphological Characteristics and Endogenous Hormone Content during Flower Bud Differentiation in Bombax ceiba

1.
Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Horticulture, Fuzhou, Fujian　350002, China
2.
Fuzhou Greening Management Department, Fuzhou, Fujian　350003, China

摘要

摘要: 目的木棉（Bombax ceiba）在我国华南地区被广泛应用于园林绿化，其果期飘絮会引发呼吸系统疾病、交通事故等各种问题。探究木棉花芽分化过程中的结构特征变化及主要内源激素含量变化，为利用植物生长调节剂调控其开花从而治理飞絮提供理论基础。方法以不同时期的木棉花芽为试材，通过石蜡切片观察分化过程中的花芽形态变化，并测定花芽内源激素脱落酸（Abscisci acid, ABA）、赤霉素（Gibberellin acid, GA₃)、生长素（Indoleacetic acid, IAA）、玉米核苷素（trans-zeatin riboside, ZR）的含量。结果木棉花芽分化过程分为前分化期、花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雌雄蕊原基分化期和雌雄蕊形成期。10月上旬可检测到花原基分化，10月中旬萼片原基分化出现，花瓣原基分化在10月下旬，雌雄蕊原基分化及雌雄蕊形成分别可于11月中上旬和11月下旬检测到。木棉花芽分化过程中，ABA和GA₃的含量显著高于IAA和ZR的含量，其中ABA和GA₃含量整体呈下降趋势，IAA含量先下降后上升再下降，ZR含量先上升后下降；ZR/GA₃、(ZR+IAA)/GA₃比值整体呈上升趋势，GA₃/IAA比值整体呈下降趋势，ZR/IAA比值在花芽分化过程中先上升后下降，ABA/GA₃比值呈现“上升-下降-上升”的变化趋势，（GA₃+ZR+IAA）/ABA比值在花芽分化过程中表现为前期下降后回升，然后再下降。结论木棉花芽分化过程根据其形态结构可划分为六个阶段，在此过程中ABA和GA₃含量远高于ZR和IAA的含量，且含量变化与花芽分化过程呈现显著负相关。因此，在花芽分化前期提高GA₃水平，或花瓣原基分化期提高ABA水平可能可以起到抑制花芽分化的作用，并减轻因大量飞絮导致的过敏和交通干扰等困扰。
- 木棉 /
- 花芽分化 /
- 形态结构 /
- 内源激素
Abstract: Objective Morphology and endogenous hormones of Bombax ceiba flower buds in differentiation were studied to aid the control of fallen debris at fruiting stage of the popular landscape plant in southern China. Methods Morphology of the flower buds of B. ceiba at differentiation phases were observed with the paraffin sections under a microscope and contents of endogenous GA₃, IAA, ABA, and ZR determined. Results The flower bud development was classified in the phases of pre-differentiation, primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation, stamen and pistil primordium differentiation, and stamen and pistil formation. The flower primordium differentiated in early October, while the sepal primordium did in mid-October, the petal primordium in late October, the female and stamen primordium in mid-early November, and the female and stamen formed in late November. During differentiation, GA₃ and ABA in the buds were significantly higher than IAA and ZR. They generally decreased, but IAA declined at first, followed by an increase and another decline, whereas ZR rose initially and fell subsequently. The ratios of ZR/GA₃ and (ZR+IAA)/GA₃ were on an increasing trend, GA₃/IAA decreasing, ZR/IAA and ABA/IAA rising at first followed by declining, ABA/GA₃ rising-falling-rising, and (GA₃+ZR+IAA)/ABA falling-rising-falling as the differentiation progressed. Conclusion The process of B. ceiba bud differentiation can be divided into six stages based on its morphological structure, in which the contents of ABA and GA₃ are much higher than those of ZR and IAA , and the changes in the contents showed a significant negative correlation with the bud differentiation process. Consequently, applying either GA₃ on the plant prior to the process begins or ABA at the petal primordial differentiation phase could deter the floral development and mitigate the nuisance of causing human allergy and traffic interference due to the massive tree falloffs.
- Bombax ceiba /
- flower bud differentiation /
- morphology /
- endogenous hormone

HTML全文

图 1 木棉花芽不同分化期外部形态特征及内部形态结构

A1~F1分别为前分化期（I）、花原基分化期（II）、萼片原基分化期（III）、花瓣原基分化期（IV）、雌雄蕊原基分化期（V）、雌雄蕊形成期（VI）植物样品外部形态；A2~F2分别为前分化期（I）、花原基分化期（II）、萼片原基分化期（III）、花瓣原基分化期（IV）、雌雄蕊原基分化期（V）、雌雄蕊形成期（VI）内部形态结构。GP：生长点；FP：花原基；SE：花萼原基；PE：花瓣原基；PP：雌蕊原基；SP：雄蕊原基；PI：雌蕊；ST：雄蕊。

Figure 1. External morphology and internal structure of B. ceiba flower buds at differentiation phases

A1: external morphology of Phase I plant; B1: external morphology of Phase II plant; C1: external morphology of Phase III plant; D1: external morphology of Phase IV plant; E1: external morphology of Phase V plant; F1: external morphology of Phase VI plant; A2: internal structure of Phase I plant; B2: internal structure of Phase II plant; C2: internal structure of Phase III plant; D2: internal structure of Phase IV plant; E2: internal structure of Phase V plant; F2: internal structure of Phase VI plant; GP: growing point; FP: flower primordial; SE: sepal; PE: Petal; PP: pistil primordial; SP: stamen primordial; PI: pistil; ST: stamen. GP: growing point; FP: flower primordial; SE: sepal; PE: petal; PP: pistil primordial; SP: stamen primordial; PI: pistil; ST: stamen.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 木棉花芽分化过程中不同内源激素（ABA, GA3, IAA, and ZR）含量变化

不同小写字母表示不同分化时期之间差异显著（P＜0.05）。下同。

Figure 2. Contents of different endogenous hormones（ABA, GA_3, IAA, and ZR）in B. ceiba flower buds during differentiation

Data with different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P＜0.05. Same for below.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 木棉花芽分化期间不同内源激素比值变化

Figure 3. Changes in ratio of different endogenous hormones of B. ceiba flower buds during differentiation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(33)

[1]	张坤, 马纪忠, 王玉成, 等. 抑絮制剂治理杨树飘絮成本控制策略 [J]. 现代园艺, 2022, (13):201−202. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4958.2022.13.078 ZHANG K, MA J Z, WANG Y C, et al. Cost Control Strategies for Poplar Flocculation Management with Flocculation Inhibiting Agents [J]. Contemporary Horticulture, 2022(13): 201−202. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4958.2022.13.078
[2]	梁辉. 防治杨柳树飘絮措施探讨 [J]. 宁夏农林科技, 2014, 55(9):41−42. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-204X.2014.09.020 LIANG H. A discussion on measures of prevention and control of poplar and willow fluffy catkins [J]. Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, 2014, 55(9): 41−42. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-204X.2014.09.020
[3]	苗艺明, 覃永华, 梁小春, 等. 广西盾翅藤花芽分化过程及内源激素含量变化研究 [J]. 西部林业科学, 2023, 52(2):98−105. MIAO Y M, QIN Y H, LIANG X C, et al. The process of floral bud differentiation and endogenous hormone changes in Aspidopterys concava [J]. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 2023, 52(2): 98−105. (in Chinese)
[4]	樊卫国, 刘国琴, 安华明, 等. 刺梨花芽分化期芽中内源激素和碳、氮营养的含量动态 [J]. 果树学报, 2003, 20(1):40−43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-9980.2003.01.010 FAN W G, LIU G Q, AN H M, et al. Study on the changes of endogenous hormones, carbohydrate and nitrogen nutrition at the flower bud differentiation stage of Rosa roxburghii [J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2003, 20(1): 40−43. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-9980.2003.01.010
[5]	刘宗莉, 林顺权, 陈厚彬. 枇杷花芽和营养芽形成过程中内源激素的变化 [J]. 园艺学报, 2007, 34(2):339−344. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2007.02.014 LIU Z L, LIN S Q, CHEN H B. Time course changes of endogenous hormone levels during the floral and vegetative buds formation in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. ) [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2007, 34(2): 339−344. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2007.02.014
[6]	吴志祥, 周兆德, 陶忠良, 等. 妃子笑与鹅蛋荔枝花芽分化期间内源激素的变化 [J]. 热带作物学报, 2005, 26(4):42−45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2005.04.010 WU Z X, ZHOU Z D, TAO Z L, et al. Changes of endogenous hormones in feizixiao and Edan Litchi during flower bud differentiation [J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2005, 26(4): 42−45. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2005.04.010
[7]	梅虎, 谈锋. 紫苏花芽生理分化期叶片内源激素含量变化的动态研究 [J]. 西南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 27(2):206−209. MEI H, TAN F. Endogenous hormones metabolism in leaves during the physhiological flower bud differentiation phase of Perilla frutescens (L.) britte [J]. Journalof Southwest China Normal University (Natural Science), 2002, 27(2): 206−209. (in Chinese)
[8]	李建安, 孙颖, 郜爱玲, 等. 油桐花芽分化期营养与激素生理变化研究 [J]. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2011, 31(3):34−37,53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2011.03.008 LI J A, SUN Y, GAO A L, et al. Physiological nutrition and hormone variations in Vernicia fordii during flower bud differentiation [J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 2011, 31(3): 34−37,53. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-923X.2011.03.008
[9]	史继孔, 张万萍, 樊卫国, 等. 银杏雌花芽分化过程中内源激素含量的变化 [J]. 园艺学报, 1999, 26(3):194−195. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.1999.03.012 SHI J K, ZHANG W P, FAN W G, et al. Changes in endogenous hormones during the differentiation of female flower bud of ginkgo ( G.Biloba L) [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 1999, 26(3): 194−195. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.1999.03.012
[10]	孔德政, 靳丹丹, 何松林, 等. 碗莲花芽分化的解剖学以及内源激素变化规律的研究 [J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2009, 31(3):42−45. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2009.03.008 KONG D Z, JIN D D, HE S L, et al. Anatomy and changes in endogenous hormones during flower bud differentiation in Nelumbo nucifera [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2009, 31(3): 42−45. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1522.2009.03.008
[11]	林玲, 黄羽, 谢太理, 等. 3个葡萄品种花芽分化过程中内源激素含量变化初报 [J]. 南方农业学报, 2012, 43(6):806−809. doi: 10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2012.06.806 LIN L, HUANG Y, XIE T L, et al. Changes of endogenous hormone content during flower bud differentiation in three grape varieties [J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2012, 43(6): 806−809. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2012.06.806
[12]	金洲, 卢山, 江俊浩, 等. 园艺植物花芽分化影响因素及机理研究进展 [J]. 园艺学报, 2023, 50(5):1151−1164. JIN Z, LU S, JIANG J H, et al. Research progress on influencing factors and mechanisms of flower bud differentiation in horticultural plants [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2023, 50(5): 1151−1164. (in Chinese)
[13]	彭桂群, 王力华. 平阴玫瑰花芽分化期叶片内源激素的变化 [J]. 植物研究, 2006, 26(2):2206−2210. doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.02.017 PENG G Q, WANG L H. Quantitative variation of endogenous hormones in Rosa rugosa leaf during flower bud differentiation [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2006, 26(2): 2206−2210. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.02.017
[14]	蔡坤秀, 牛先前, 王龙平, 等. 叶底红花芽分化期叶片内源激素的动态变化 [J]. 福建农业学报, 2017, 32(3):278−281. CAI K X, NIU X Q, WANG L P, et al. Dynamic changes of endogenous hormone in Phyllagathis fordii leaf during flower bud differentiation [J]. Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 32(3): 278−281. (in Chinese)
[15]	倪子轶. 鸽子兰花芽分化观察研究 [J]. 中国野生植物资源, 2022, 41(8):47−50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9690.2022.08.007 NI Z Y. Observation and study on bud differentiation of Peristeria elata hook [J]. Chinese Wild Plant Resources, 2022, 41(8): 47−50. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9690.2022.08.007
[16]	SHEN X D, HE R X, LI X, et al. Effect of shoot control on flower bud differentiation, flowering, and fruit setting in Zanthoxylum armatum DC [J]. Phyton, 2023, 92(12): 3251−3266. doi: 10.32604/phyton.2023.042735
[17]	刘雪莲, 程文博, 朱俊义. 侧金盏花花芽分化的形态观察及生理生化变化 [J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2022, 50(9):50−55. LIU X L, CHENG W B, ZHU J Y. Flower bud morphological differentiation and physiological biochemistry of Adonis amurensis [J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2022, 50(9): 50−55. (in Chinese)
[18]	郝敬虹, 齐红岩, 阎妮, 等. 园艺作物花芽分化的研究进展 [J]. 农业科技与装备, 2008, (1):7−9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1161.2008.01.003 HAO J H, QI H Y, YAN N, et al. Advances in researches on flower bud differentiation of horticultural crops [J]. Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment, 2008(1): 7−9. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1161.2008.01.003
[19]	张永强, 沈海岑, 刘念. 美丽异木棉花芽分化期形态结构初步研究[J]. 广东园林, 2017, 39(6): 68−72. ZHANG Y Q, SHEN H C, LIU N. The study on the characteristics of flower bud differentiation in Ceiba speciosa(A. St. -hil. ) Ravenna[J]. Guangdong Landscape Architecture, 2017, 39(6): 68−72. (in Chinese)
[20]	牛辉陵, 张洪武, 边媛, 等. 枣花分化发育过程及其内源激素动态研究 [J]. 园艺学报, 2015, 42(4):655−664. NIU H L, ZHANG H W, BIAN Y, et al. Flower formation and endogenous hormones dynamic in Chinese jujube [J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2015, 42(4): 655−664. (in Chinese)
[21]	温玥. 外施赤霉素和多效唑对油茶花芽形成和果实品质的影响[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2019. WEN Y. Effects of gibberellin and paclobutrazol on flower bud formation and fruit quality of Camellia oleifera[D]. Beijing: Beijing Forestry University, 2019. (in Chinese)
[22]	黄洁衔, 李腾基, 黄紫钦, 等. 墨兰花芽形态分化及生理特性研究 [J]. 北方园艺, 2023, (3):56−63. doi: 10.11937/bfyy.20222262 HUANG J X, LI T J, HUANG Z Q, et al. Morphology and physiological characteristics during flower bud differentiation in Cymbidium sinense [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2023(3): 56−63. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11937/bfyy.20222262
[23]	喻雄, 邓全恩, 李建安. 内源激素含量与‘铁城一号’油茶开花过程的关系 [J]. 经济林研究, 2019, 37(4):149−154. YU X, DENG Q E, LI J A. Relationship between endogenous hormones contents and flowering process in Camellia oleifera ‘Tiecheng No. 1’ [J]. Non-wood Forest Research, 2019, 37(4): 149−154. (in Chinese)
[24]	易仁知, 秦俊, 黄清俊. 穗花牡荆花芽分化过程中形态和生理指标变化 [J]. 西北植物学报, 2023, 43(10):1760−1769. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.10.1760 YI R Z, QIN J, HUANG Q J. Study on the changes of morphological and physiological indexes during flower bud differentiation of Vitex agnus-castus [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2023, 43(10): 1760−1769. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2023.10.1760
[25]	张宁, 黄曜曜, 敖妍, 等. 文冠果花芽分化过程及内源激素动态变化 [J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 43(4):33−42. ZHANG N, HUANG Y Y, AO Y, et al. Flower bud differentiation and dynamic changes of endogenous hormone in Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge [J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2019, 43(4): 33−42. (in Chinese)
[26]	宋杨, 窦连登, 张红军. 蓝莓不同品种花芽形成过程中内源激素的变化 [J]. 中国南方果树, 2014, 43(5):106−108,114. SONG Y, DOU L D, ZHANG H J. Changes of endogenous hormones during flower bud formation of different blueberry varieties [J]. South China Fruits, 2014, 43(5): 106−108,114. (in Chinese)
[27]	赵志珩, 张荣, 严蕾, 等. 板栗花芽分化中内源激素的变化规律 [J]. 广西林业科学, 2020, 49(4):518−523. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1126.2020.04.007 ZHAO Z H, ZHANG R, YAN L, et al. Changes of endogenous hormones in Castanea mollissima flower bud differentiation [J]. Guangxi Forestry Science, 2020, 49(4): 518−523. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-1126.2020.04.007
[28]	马亮, 李飞, 张金宝, 等. 不同陆地棉品种花芽分化与茎尖内源激素的关系 [J]. 江苏农业科学, 2018, 46(16):71−75. MA L, LI F, ZHANG J B, et al. Relationship between flower bud differentiation and shoot tip endogenous hormones of different upland cotton varieties [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 46(16): 71−75. (in Chinese)
[29]	杨光穗, 黄素荣, 王存, 等. 黄花美冠兰花芽分化过程中假鳞茎内源激素含量变化的研究 [J]. 北方园艺, 2012, (23):75−78. YANG G S, HUANG S R, WANG C, et al. Study on changes of endogenous hormone contents in pseudobulbs during the floral bud differentiation of Eulophia flava [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2012(23): 75−78. (in Chinese)
[30]	许昕, 刘佳奇, 王宇含, 等. 小叶丁香花芽分化进程及内源激素的变化 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(1):146−152. XU X, LIU J Q, WANG Y H, et al. The differentiation process of flower bud and the changes of endogenous hormones in Syringa microphylla [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(1): 146−152. (in Chinese)
[31]	艾星梅, 何睿宇, 胡燕芳. 马铃薯花芽分化与内源激素动态变化的关系 [J]. 西北植物学报, 2018, 38(1):87−94. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2018.01.0087 AI X M, HE R Y, HU Y F. Flower bud differentiation and their relationships with content changes of endogenous hormones in potatoes [J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2018, 38(1): 87−94. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2018.01.0087
[32]	谭长强, 郑威, 谢乐, 等. 红锥花芽分化过程及相关激素含量的变化 [J]. 广西林业科学, 2022, 51(6):817−822 TAN C Q, ZHENG W, XIE L, et al. Process of flower bud differentiation of Castanopsis hystrix and changes of related hormone contents [J]. Guangxi Forestry Science, 2022, 51(6): 817−822. (in Chinese)
[33]	王玉华, 范崇辉, 沈向, 等. 大樱桃花芽分化期内源激素含量的变化 [J]. 西北农业学报, 2002, 11(1):64−67. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2002.01.018 WANG Y H, FAN C H, SHEN X, et al. Changes in endogenous hormones during the flower bud differentiation of sweet cherry [J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2002, 11(1): 64−67. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2002.01.018