牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒糖蛋白gB和gD的研究进展

戴莎莎; 王健霖; 田兴苗; 李继东

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.03.015

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒糖蛋白gB和gD的研究进展

doi: 10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2023.03.015

宁夏大学农学院，宁夏　银川　750021

基金项目: 宁夏自然科学基金项目（2022AAC03075）；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目（2019ZWSF3007）

详细信息

作者简介:
戴莎莎（1995−），女，硕士，研究方向：动物疫病诊断与防治（E-mail：1421164321@qq.com）

通讯作者:
李继东（1976−），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：兽医微生物学与免疫学（E-mail：lijidongi@foxmail.com）

中图分类号: S852.65
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-03
- 修回日期: 2022-12-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-28

Research Progress on Glycoprotein gB and gD of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China

摘要

摘要: 牛传染性鼻气管炎（Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis，IBR）是牛的重要传染病，临床以呼吸道症状为主，伴有结膜炎、乳腺炎、流产等症状。其病原是牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus，IBRV），又称牛疱疹病毒1型（Bovine herpesvirus 1，BHV-1），共编码30～40种结构蛋白，其中11种为囊膜糖蛋白。糖蛋白在病毒吸附、侵入宿主细胞的过程中发挥重要作用。糖蛋白gB对病毒侵入宿主细胞、在细胞间扩散及复制至关重要；糖蛋白gD在病毒复制、传播和感染机制方面作用重大，具有良好的免疫原性，是诱导产生中和抗体的主要糖蛋白。对gB、gD的研究不仅可从蛋白层面解析病毒侵染机制，还能够为牛传染性鼻气管炎的临床诊断和预防提供理论依据。本文针对牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的主要糖蛋白gB、gD的研究结果进行综述，分析其生物学功能以及在疫苗和诊断方面的应用，以期为牛传染性鼻气管炎侵染机制和防控提供参考。
- 牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒 /
- gB糖蛋白 /
- gD糖蛋白 /
- 生物学功能 /
- 诊断 /
- 疫苗
Abstract: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis is an important infectious disease of cattle. The clinical symptoms of the disease were principally respiratory ones that may be accompanied by conjunctivitis, mastitis, abortion, etc. The pathogenic virus is also known as bovine herpesvirus type 1. It encodes 30 to 40 structural proteins with 11 envelope glycoproteins, which play an important role in the process of virus adsorption and host cell invasion. Glycoprotein gB is essential for the virus to invade, spread, and replicate on host cells. Glycoprotein gD is critical in viral replication, transmission, and infection with strong immunogenicity that induces neutralizing antibodies. Studying gB and gD not only helps decipher the infection mechanism at the molecular level but also leads to new clinical diagnosis and prevention method developments on rhinotracheitis. This article summarizes recent research results on glycoprotein gB and gD concerning the biological functions and applications of these proteins in producing vaccines and generating advanced diagnosis methodologies for the infectious disease in cattle.
- Bovine infectious rhinovirus /
- glycoprotein gB /
- glycoprotein gD /
- biological function /
- diagnosis /
- vaccine

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图 1 BHV-1 gB结构

P17471为BHV-1 gB蛋白序列号。图片来源于InterPro蛋白数据库。

Figure 1. Schematic BHV-1 gB structure

P17471: sequence number of BHV-1 gB protein; images adopted from InterPro Protein Database.

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图 2 BHV-1 gD结构

P0CK29为BHV-1 gD蛋白序列号。图片来源于InterPro蛋白数据库。

Figure 2. Schematic BHV-1 gD structure

P0CK29: the sequence number of BHV-1 gD protein. Images was a reference from the InterPro Protein Database.

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表 1 BHV-1 gB、gD蛋白功能

Table 1. Functions of BHV-1 gB and gD proteins

项目 Item	BHV-1 gB功能　　　　 BHV-1 gB function	BHV-1 gD功能 BHV-1 gD function
靶细胞 Target cell	自然杀伤细胞（NK）	自然杀伤细胞（NK）、细胞毒性T细胞（CTL）
主要功能 Key function	病毒吸附与复制；介导膜融合；肽和蛋白质的转运蛋白	广谱溶瘤载体；干扰HveC介导的同源和异源α疱疹病毒的进入；促进免疫抑制的形成
感染机制 Infection mechanism	gB和异源二聚体gH/gL组成的融合机制介导膜融合	促进由gB和gH/gL组成的融合机制触发病毒与宿主的膜融合

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表 2 疫苗优缺点

Table 2. Pros and cons of vaccine

疫苗种类 Vaccines	载体 Vector	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages
DNA疫苗 DNA vaccine	pRSV质粒、纳米颗粒等	工艺简便，生产成本较低；DNA分子稳定，便于运输和保存	产生的抗体对机体的保护不够充分
亚单位疫苗 Subunit vaccine	痘病毒、腺病毒、大肠杆菌、杆状病毒、昆虫细胞、哺乳动物细胞及牛骨肉瘤细胞系D17等	接种安全，副反应少	免疫原性较低，需与佐剂合用才能产生好的免疫效果
病毒活载体重组疫苗 Virus live vector recombinant vaccine	痘病毒、疱疹病毒、腺病毒、单股RNA病毒等	可以快速获得针对流行毒株的疫苗候选毒株；构建多联多价疫苗，减少免疫次数及改变免疫方法	安全性较低

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表 3 诊断方法

Table 3. Diagnostic methods

诊断方法 Diagnostic methods	诊断技术 Diagnostic technique	BHV-1 gB	BHV-1 gD
分子生物学方法 Molecular biology methods	实时荧光定量PCR （qPCR）巢式PCR （Nested PCR）恒温隔绝式荧光PCR （iiPCR）环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）聚合酶螺旋反应（PSR）	√ √ √ √ √	√ √ × √ ×
免疫学方法 Immunologic methods	酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）病毒中和试验（VN ）间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）	√ × ×	√ √ √
	免疫胶体金技术（GICA）	√	√
“√”表示目前已有研究，“×”表示目前未见研究。 √: existing research; ×: no known research activity at present.

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