薄壳种油棕果实采后脂质成分转录代谢差异分析

李欣瑜; 刘小玉; 李启黉; 周丽霞; 李睿; 付登强; 曹红星

薄壳种油棕果实采后脂质成分转录代谢差异分析

李欣瑜^{1, 2,},
刘小玉^{1, 2},
李启黉^{1, 2},
周丽霞^{1, 2},
李睿^{1, 2},
付登强^{1, 2},
曹红星^{1, 2, ,}

1.
热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室，海南海口 571101
2.
中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所，海南文昌 571339

基金项目: 海南省国际科技合作研发项目（GHYF2024019）；中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项（1630152023007）

详细信息

作者简介:
李欣瑜（1998—），女，研究实习员，主要从事油棕产量与品质性状鉴定评价，E-mail：17801113697@163.com

曹红星（1976—），女，博士，主要从事油棕资源与育种方向研究，E-mail：hongxing1976@163.com

中图分类号: S565
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-27
- 修回日期: 2024-08-16
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-11

Differentiation in Post-harvest Lipid Metabolism of Oil Palm Fruits

LI Xinyu^{1, 2
,},
LIU Xiaoyu^{1, 2},
LI Qihong^{1, 2},
ZHOU Lixia^{1, 2},
LI Rui^{1, 2},
FU Dengqiang^{1, 2},
CAO Hongxing^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan　571101, China
2.
Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan　571339, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究薄壳种油棕果实采后阶段脂质合成和积累的机制。方法选用采后不同处理时间的薄壳型油棕果实[授粉后185 d刚采摘的鲜果（T1）、采收后24 h（T2）、采收后36 h（T3）]，结合液相色谱-串联质谱法（Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS）和RNA测序（RNA sequencing, RNA-seq）技术，对各脂质代谢物和差异表达基因在酸败过程中的动态变化进行测定和分析。结果在采后不同处理时间的果实脂质中共鉴定出5个脂质大类、23个脂质亚类，520个脂质单体分子。联合分析结果表明，乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH7A1、ALDH2）、单酰甘油脂肪酶（MGL）和磷脂酶A1（PLA1）与二酰基甘油三甲基高丝氨酸（DGTS）、磷脂酸（PA）、磷脂酰肌醇（PI)、磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰甘油（PG）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）等甘油磷脂类物质分别均呈显著负相关，与棕榈酸等游离脂肪酸呈显著正相关；甘油磷酸二酯磷酸二酯酶（GDPD1）、脂磷酸磷酸酶（LPP）和二半乳糖甘油酯合成酶（DGD1）与DGTS、PA、PI、PC、PG、PE等甘油磷脂类物质呈显著正相关，与棕榈酸等游离脂肪酸呈显著负相关；MGL与单甘油酯（MG）和亚油酸（LA）呈极显著正相关，与神经酰胺（Cer）呈显著负相关；DGD1和LPP与MG和LA呈极显著负相关，与Cer呈显著正相关。结论 ALDH7A1、ALDH2、PLA1、MGL可能抑制甘油磷脂类物质的合成，促进棕榈酸等脂肪酸物质的合成；DGD1、LPP和GDP1可能促进甘油磷脂类物质的合成，抑制棕榈酸等脂肪酸物质的合成。
- 油棕 /
- 酸败 /
- 脂质 /
- 代谢组学 /
- 转录组学
Abstract: Objective Mechanism and accumulation of lipid synthesis in thin-shelled oil palm fruits was investigated for breeding of variety resistant to fat rancidity. Method Fruits of thin-shelled oil palm freshly harvested 185d after pollination (T1), 24h post-harvest (T2), and 36h post-harvest (T3) were collected for LC-MS/MS and RNA-seq determination and analysis on lipid metabolites and differentially expressed genes in mesocarp of oil palm fruits as the lipid oxidation taking place. [Result] In the fruit development, 5 lipid classes, 23 lipid subclasses, and 520 monomer molecules in mesocarp of the oil palm fruits were identified. It is well known that the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a lipid oxidation and the hydrolyzed glycerophosphate choline (GPC) affects PC, lipophosphatase (LPP) promotes synthesis of phosphates and glycerophospholipids, and the expression of chlorophyll relates to chlorophyll content. This study found that the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH7A1 and ALDH2), monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), phospholipase A1 (PLA1), and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GDPD1) significantly negatively correlated with glycerophospholipids, such as diacylglycerol trimethyl homoserine (DGTS), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), but significantly positively correlated with palmitic acid, while GDPD1, LPP, and digalactosylglycerol synthase (DGD1) significantly positively correlated with the glycerophospholipids, such as DGTS, PA, PI, PC, PG, PE, but negatively correlated with palmitic acid, whereas MGL monoglyceride (MG) extremely significantly positively correlated with linoleic acid (LA) but significantly negatively correlated with ceramide (Cer), and DGD1 and LPP significantly negatively correlated with MG and LA, but significantly positively correlated with Cer. Conclusion It appeared that ALDH7A1, ALDH2, PLA1, and MGL inhibited the glycerophospholipids synthesis but promoted the synthesis of fatty acids such as palmitic acid, while DGD1, LPP, and GDP1 enhanced the synthesis of glycerophospholipids but retarded that of palmitic and other fatty acids.
- Oil palm fruit /
- rancidity /
- lipid /
- metabolomics /
- transcriptomics

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图 1 采后不同处理时间油棕中果皮中脂质含量的变化

Figure 1. Accumulation of lipid metabolites in rancid oil palm fruit mesocarp

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图 2 采后不同处理时间油棕中果皮代表性脂质代谢物的聚类热图

Figure 2. Cluster heat map of differential metabolites in rancid oil palm fruit mesocarp

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图 3 采后不同处理时间油棕中果皮差异代谢物统计

Figure 3. Statistics on differential metabolites of oil palm fruit mesocarp at different rancid stages

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图 4 采后不同处理时间油棕中果皮差异基因统计

Figure 4. Statistics on differential genes of oil palm fruit mesocarp at different sampling times

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图 5 采后不同处理时间油棕差异代谢物及差异基因富集分析

Figure 5. Enrichment of differential metabolites and genes in oil palm fruits at different sampling times

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图 6 采后不同处理时间油棕中果皮脂质合成相关基因的动态变化

Figure 6. Changes on genes related to lipid synthesis in oil palm fruit mesocarp at different sampling times

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图 7 不同处理时间下油棕中果皮脂质合成关键酶编码基因表达热图

Figure 7. Heat map of expressions of key enzyme genes in rancid oil palm fruit mesocarp

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图 8 油棕酸败相关调控酶基因表达量与脂质代谢物含量相关性分析

“*”表示显著相关，“**”表示极显著相关 "***"表示极其显著相关。

Figure 8. Correlation of key enzyme gene expressions and lipid metabolite contents in rancid oil palm fruit mesocarp

*indicates 0.01＜P＜0.05; ** indicates 0.001＜P＜0.01; *** indicates P≤0.001.

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表 1 采后不同处理时间油棕中果皮中各亚类脂质含量

Table 1. Lipid content of subclasses in rancid oil palm fruit mesocarp （单位：nmol·g⁻¹）

大类 Large category	亚类 Subclass	采后不同处理时间 Different post harvest processing times
大类 Large category	亚类 Subclass	T1	T2	T3
鞘脂类（SP）	神经酰胺（Cer）	28.94±3.85a	21.53±0.51b	25.84±4.13ab
鞘脂类（SP）	鞘氨醇（SPH）	3.60±0.59b	4.18±0.44ab	5.29±0.59a
甘油酯（GL）	甘油二脂（DG）	315345.99±61101.54	460114.66±90158.07	450646.11±191075.41
	单甘油酯（MG）	1946.23±288.28b	4053.17±336.16a	2043.03±291.06b
	甘油三酯（TG）	24509.04±2703.78	29153.02±3638.80	25915.44±6506.09
糖脂（SL）	二糖甘油二酯（DGDG）	2743.20±435.70	2248.80±555.86	2299.76±1216.49
	糖鞘脂（HexCer）	5.00±0.05a	5.29±0.39a	4.19±0.22b
	单糖甘油二酯（MGDG）	1058.30±200.41	745.27±95.96	809.81±378.32
	硫代甘油糖脂（SQDG）	842.04±149.80	713.06±124.43	933.09±491.32
甘油磷脂（GP）	二酰基甘油三甲基高丝氨酸（DGTS）	444.84±94.94	328.17±55.95	428.34±229.02
	溶血二酰基甘油基三甲基高丝氨酸（LDGTS）	14.77±4.15	15.79±4.04	29.49±14.31
	溶血磷脂酸（LPA）	25.35±0.90c	40.73±0.11b	53.25±6.90a
	溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPC）	91.30±2.95c	121.40±4.41b	139.27±10.88a
	溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺（LPE）	46.51±1.85c	64.48±1.47b	88.26±9.44a
	溶血磷脂酰甘油（LPG）	7.26±0.16b	12.00±0.57a	12.43±1.72a
	溶血磷脂酰肌醇（LPI）	2.52±0.05b	9.31±1.31b	49.10±15.01a
	磷脂酸（PA）	3706.34±225.69	3320.89±586.40	3715.32±506.73
	磷脂酰胆碱（PC）	1339.82±63.09a	816.66±32.87b	815.64±42.47b
	磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）	1155.08±80.28s	604.46±34.88b	582.75±72.54b
	磷脂酰甘油（PG）	991.61±56.31a	524.11±4.14b	485.01±4.77b
	磷脂酰肌醇（PI）	654.01±32.33ab	453.29±34.92b	540.57±70.70b
	磷脂酰甲醇（PMeOH）	5.50±0.17a	2.05±0.08b	1.28±0.10c
脂肪酰类（FA）	游离脂肪酸（FFA）	60174.75±4469.14b	73407.38±2827.63a	60715.71±476.04b
数值为平均数±标准差，不同小写字母表示不同时期之间差异显著（P＜0.05）。表2同。 Values are mean ± standard deviation; different lowercase letters indicates significant differences of different treatment times (P＜0.05).

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表 2 采后不同处理时间油棕中果皮中22种脂质单体分子含量

Table 2. Molecular contents of 22 lipid monomers in rancid oil palm fruit mesocarp （单位：nmol·g⁻¹）

物质 Substance	采后不同处理时间 Different post harvest processing times
物质 Substance	T1	T2	T3
神经酰胺（Cer, 18:2/18:1）	14.52±2.31a	10.66±0.58b	12.41±1.91ab
甘油二酯（DG, 16:0_18:1）	70636.96±15009.08	92432.42±18944.80	101472.36±51725.27
单甘油酯（MG, 18:1）	1403.68±224.40b	2965.58±262.87a	1485.12±220.97b
甘油三酯（TG, 16:0_16:0_18:1）	3516.58±764.07	4308.94±930.54	3231.80±1569.97
甘油三酯（TG, 16:0_16:0_18:2）	2629.11±346.55	2608.90±543.37	2440.06±446.34
二糖甘油二酯（DGDG, 16:0_18:1）	778.55±99.30	612.69±142.67	656.75±368.55
二糖甘油二酯（DGDG, 16:0_18:3）	485.56±86.07	342.74±76.95	333.41±135.86
单糖甘油二酯（MGDG, 18:3_18:3）	324.09±76.51	251.13±55.70	239.09±98.34
硫代甘油糖脂（SQDG, 16:0_18:1）	299.17±43.36	244.37±43.76	356.16±191.01
硫代甘油糖脂（SQDG, 16:0_16:0）	422.55±89.76	335.69±56.08	422.63±217.14
二酰基甘油三甲基高丝氨酸（DGTS, 18:1_18:3）	104.66±17.65	115.37±24.87	133.59±76.09
二酰基甘油三甲基高丝氨酸（DGTS, 18:2_18:3）	124.13±26.63a	48.65±4.42b	62.68±31.21b
磷脂酸（PA, 16:0_18:2）	1354.25±101.53a	919.47±176.05b	1063.04±145.54ab
磷脂酰胆碱（PC, 16:0_18:1）	412.13±29.49	390.23±17.30	361.94±27.71
磷脂酰胆碱（PC, 16:0_18:2）	458.78±21.04a	144.72±9.91b	137.97±10.89b
磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE, 18:2_16:0）	505.79±32.61a	225.63±15.30b	207.44±29.24b
磷脂酰甘油（PG, 16:0_16:0）	524.14±36.45a	191.76±5.24b	179.77±9.85b
磷脂酰肌醇（PI, 16:0_18:1）	344.68±14.83a	230.59±17.54b	274.07±44.09b
磷脂酰肌醇（PI, 18:2_16:0）	164.18±10.24a	119.57±10.73b	134.77±13.99b
亚油酸（LA, C18:2）	10188.00±782.31b	15804.62±524.96a	11046.89±836.18b
棕榈酸（PiMA, C16:0）	14345.15±1055.52b	17834.69±819.45a	16177.21±580.58a
油酸（OA, C18:1）	30396.86±2655.33a	31704.01±568.28a	26683.76±797.90b

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