Effects of Fertilizers Applied on Growth of Kandelia obovata Seedlings and Microbial Community in Soil
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摘要:
目的 探明肥料种类和施肥量对秋茄（Kandelia obovata）幼苗生长的影响以及土壤微生物的响应。 方法 选用3种有机肥和1种无机肥，以不施肥组（CK）为对照，设置了4个施肥量梯度，测定秋茄幼苗株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数增长量、叶绿素含量，并对土壤微生物群落进行16S rRNA 基因高通量测序。 结果 秋茄最适施肥条件是9.74 g·kg−1基质的尊龙牌蚓肥，120 d后株高、叶长、叶宽、叶数增长量比对照组分别增加117.50%、51.15%、63.34%、178.57%。施有机肥、无机肥和对照组的土壤微生物群落组成差异明显，施有机肥土壤中有更多特有的微生物。施有机肥土壤微生物α多样性变化趋势与植物生长指标变化趋势正相关，而施无机肥的呈负相关。表明有机肥可能通过促进土壤微生物与植物协同的方式进而有助于植物生长。施有机肥提高了土壤潜在有益菌，如放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）和Nitrospira、 Nocardioides、Limibaculum属丰度。 结论 施适量有机肥协同促进秋茄生长和土壤微生物多样性，而施无机肥对秋茄生长促进作用相对较小，并对土壤微生物多样性产生负面影响。 Abstract:Objective Effects of fertilizer type and application rate on the growth of Kandelia obovate seedlings as well as the microbial community in soil were studied. Method In a field experiment, K. obovate seedlings were planted on lots treated by 3 different organic fertilizers or an inorganic fertilizer at 4 application rates, along with no-fertilizer as control (CK). Plant height and leaf length, width, number, and chlorophyll content of the seedling in the autumn were determined. Composition of the microbial community in soil was detected by high-throughput sequencing based on 16S rRNA gene. Result On the lots applied with Zun Long Fertilizer at the rate of 9.74 g·kg−1, the seedlings, in comparison to those on CK, were 117.50% taller and had 51.15% longer, 63.34% wider, and 178.57% more leaves in 120 d. The microbial compositions in the soil at the lots applied with organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and CK differed significantly. In addition, there were more distinct species on the organic fertilizers-treated soil than on the others. The plant grew positively with the microbial α-diversity in soil treated with the organic fertilizers, but negatively in soil treated with the inorganic fertilizers. Moreover, the organic fertilization fostered proliferation of beneficial microbes, such as Actinobacteriota and genera Nitrospira, Nocardioides, and Limibaculum, which could synergistically promote the plant growth as well. Conclusion Application of organic fertilizer enhanced the growth of K. obovate as well as the microbial diversity of soil. On the other hand, inorganic fertilizer provided relatively limited benefits on the growth of the plants, yet considerably hindered the development of a healthy soil microbiome. -
Key words:
- fertilization /
- Kandelia obovate /
- mangrove plant /
- soil microbial community
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图 1 秋茄幼苗在不同施肥条件下株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽的增长量
不同小写字母表示同种肥料不同施肥量下的均值差异达显著水平（P＜0.05）。图3同。
Figure 1. Plant height and leaf number, length, and width of K. obovata seedlings under different fertilization treatments
Data with different lowercase letters on same treatment indicate significant differences under different application rates (P＜0.05). Same for Fig. 3.
图 2 秋茄幼苗在不同施肥条件中生长指标PCA分析
图中的每个点表示一个施肥处理组。ZG：株高增长量；YPS：叶片数增长量；YC：叶长增长量；YK：叶宽增长量。YLMM：原绿苗木蚓肥；YLTY：原绿通用蚓肥；ZL：尊龙蚓肥；SS：市售复合肥；T1~T4：T1~T4处理组。
Figure 2. PCA on growth indexes of K. obovata seedlings under treatments
Dot: a treatment group; ZG: plant height increasement; YPS: leaf number increasement; YC: leaf length increasement; YK: leaf width increasement; YLMM: YLMM fertilizer; YLTY: YLTY fertilizer; ZL: ZL fertilizer; SS: SS fertilizer; T1–T4: Treatment groups 1–4.
图 3 秋茄幼苗在不同施肥条件下叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量
Figure 3. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in K. obovata seedlings under different fertilizer treatments
图 4 不同施肥处理土壤微生物群落组成多维尺度分析(MDS)（A）和微生物ASVs数韦恩图分析（B）
Figure 4. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) on soil microbial composition (A) and Venn diagram of microbial ASVs numbers (B) under different fertilizer treatments
图 5 不同施肥处理土壤微生物ASVs数（A）和香浓维纳指数（B）
图中不同字母表示单因素方差分析有显著差异（P＜ 0.05）。
Figure 5. Number of soil microbial species (A) and Shannon-Wiener index(B) of different fertilizer treatments
Data with different letters indicate significant differences with one-way ANOVA at P＜0.05.
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