Abstract: This paper summarized the achievements in germplasm resources research and breeding operation of abalone in recent years.The germplasm resources research included the resources and distribution of abalone in china, chromosome analysis, abalone population genetic structure and genetic background analysis.Among them, population genetic structure and genetic background analysis included the research of biochemical markers, DNA molecular markers and genetic linkage maps constructions.Breeding operation research included:the introduction of abalone in china, the hybridization and selective breeding operation, modern biological technology (polyploid, gynogenesis, transgenic) in the application of abalone breeding.The further research directions in genetic and breeding of abalone were also proposed at the end of this paper.