Abstract: The lemon tree at prosperous fruit stage was used as material to study fruit growth,yield and quality during the growing process of lemon under different soil water treatments.The results showed that different soil moisture had significant effects on lemon fruit.Both the fruit longitudinal diameter and the fruit transverse diameter were increased when the water content in the soil increasing,and the increment of fruit transverse diameter was higher than that of fruit longitudinal diameter.The longitudinal diameter of T2and T3had significantly positive relations with fruit shape index in the last stage(135-165d)of fruits.Different water treatments had significant effects on single fruit weight and yield,and T3had the highest yield(48 708.20kg·hm-2),and T1treatment(32 815.20kg·hm-2)was the lowest.The highest economic benefit of lemon fruit was T3(195 000yuan·hm-2), which was 2.13times of T1,the lowest one.On the contrary,high soil moisture(T3)had low juice yield,Vc content and soluble solids.Moderate soil moisture(T2)was suggested to be the most beneficial for the fruit growth and high yield of lemon.The optimized lemon fruit yield,quality were achieved at SWC 80%-85%at the beginning and middle stage of fruit growth,and SWC 70%-75%in the fruit maturation period.