Abstract: Applicability of the anther culture of F1 generation on Indica rice as affected by the sowing date was studied.The natural doubling rate of H1 population, the agronomic traits of callus seedlings lines (i.e., the green seedlings differentiated from a same callus) , and the genetic variability detection on H1 population by DNA technology were investigated using Peiai 64 S, S2, F1 and H1generation for the experimentation.The results showed that (a) sowing date significantly affected the applicability of the anther cultivation; (b) the diploid natural doubling rate of H1 population was 64.25%; (c) the agronomic traits of most callus seedlings lines were uniform; (d) there were bidirectional super parent advantages, except the perieds, between the seeding date and the heading stage;and, (e) the genetic mutation or chromosome structure variation was not detected in H1 population by SSR molecular marker.