沼液对狼尾草产量和土壤无机氮素及酶活性的影响

杨庆; 钟珍梅; 翁伯琦; 黄秀声; 游小凤

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2016.12.017

沼液对狼尾草产量和土壤无机氮素及酶活性的影响

杨庆^1,,
钟珍梅^{1, 2},
翁伯琦^2, ,,
黄秀声²,
游小凤²

1.
福建农林大学资源与环境学院, 福建福州 350002
2.
福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所, 福建福州 350003

基金项目:

福建省农业科学院科技创新团队PI项目 2016PI-29

国家科技支撑计划项目 2012BAD14B15

福建省科技计划--省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2014R1017-7

福建省科技计划--省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2015R1017-2

福建省科技计划--省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项 2016R1016-2

福建省水土保持重大专项 012NZ0002

详细信息

作者简介:
杨庆(1989-), 男, 硕士, 研究方向:土壤学(E-mail:780306299@qq.com)

通讯作者:
翁伯琦(1957-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 研究方向:生态农业技术与生态经济理论(E-mail:wengboqi@163.com)

中图分类号: S158.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-08-14
- 修回日期: 2016-10-01
- 刊出日期: 2016-12-27

Effects of Biogas Slurry on Yield of Pennisetum and Inorganic Nitrogen and Enzymatic Activities in Soil

1.
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fijian 350002, China
2.
Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fijian 350003, China

摘要

摘要: 通过沼液浇灌人工草地定位试验，以‘闽牧6号’狼尾草P.americanum×P.purpureum CV.Minmu 6为供试植物，研究不同沼液浇灌量（N1~N5）对狼尾草株高、产量以及土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、脲酶、蛋白酶、谷氨酰胺酶和天冬酰胺酶活性的影响。结果表明：与对照（N1）相比，施沼液可显著提高狼尾草株高，但N2~N5之间没有显著差异（P>0.05）。施沼液还能显著提高狼尾草产量（P < 0.05），全年最高可增产119.0%，增产量为174754 kg·hm^-2。施沼液对0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤铵态氮含量影响不显著（P>0.05）。0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量随沼液浇灌量的增加呈上升趋势，且0~20 cm土层，N4和N5处理较N1处理土壤硝态氮含量显著增加（P < 0.05）。T1时期，施沼液对脲酶、蛋白酶、谷氨酰胺酶和天冬酰胺酶活性无显著影响（P>0.05）。相关性分析表明，施沼量与株高在各个时期都达到显著性相关（P < 0.05），与0~20 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量及产量达到极显著相关（P < 0.01），T1时期，与4种酶活性没有显著相关性（P>0.05）。
- 沼液 /
- 狼尾草 /
- 硝态氮 /
- 铵态氮 /
- 酶活性
Abstract: To explore the potential of utilizing slurry from biogas-producing fermentation beds for fertilization, 'Fujian 6' grass (Pennisetum americanum P. purpureum CV. Minmu 6) was used in a turf experiment. Varied quantities of slurry application (i.e., N₁ as control, and N₂ through N₅ as treatments) on the grass were executed. The plant height and yield of the grass, as well as the ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and the activities of urease, protease, glutaminase and asparaginase in the soil, were determined. The results showed that the applications improved the plant height over N₁, but no significant differences among the treatments (P>0.05). The grass yield was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) reaching 174 754 kg·hm^-2, a level 119.0% higher than that of N₁. In the 0-20 cm or 20-40 cm soil layers, there was no significant change on the ammonium nitrogen content (P>0.05), but the nitrate nitrogen increased with increasing slurry application. Compared to N₁, N4 and N5 significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-20 cm soil (P < 0.05). The effects of biogas slurry on the activities of urease, protease, glutaminase and Asparaginase were not significant during T₁(May, 7, 2015) period (P>0.05). A correlation analysis on the data re-confirmed a significant correlation between the biogas slurry applications and the plant height of the grass (P < 0.05), and an extremely significant correlation between the applications and the nitrate nitrogen in 0-20 cm layer of soil and the yield of the grass (P < 0.01) at all time periods, but none on the enzymatic activities during T₁ period.
- biogas slurry /
- Pennisetum /
- ammonium nitrogen /
- nitrate nitrogen /
- enzymatic activity

HTML全文

图 1 不同沼液浇灌量下土壤铵态氮含量的变化

Figure 1. Changes on ammonium nitrogen content in soil with biogas slurry applications

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同沼液浇灌量下土壤硝态氮含量的变化

Figure 2. Changes on nitrate nitrogen content in soil with biogas slurry applications

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同沼液浇灌量下土壤酶活性的变化

Figure 3. Changes on enzymatic activities in soil with biogas slurry applications

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 土壤基本理化性质

Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of soil at test site

项目	含量
pH	4.72
全氮/(g·kg^-1)	0.79
全磷/(g·kg^-1)	0.38
全钾/(g·kg^-1)	56.38
有机质/(g·kg^-1)	15.28
碱解氮/(mg·kg^-1)	73.91
速效磷/(mg·kg^-1)	41.51

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表 2 不同沼液浇灌下狼尾草植株株高和产量的变化

Table 2 Changes on height and yield of Pennisetum with biogas slurry applications

处理	株高/m			小区产量/kg
处理	T1	T2	T3	T1	T2	T3
N1	1.52±0.18a	1.75±0.05a	2.18±0.19a	24.82±8.04a	31.63±7.21a	31.61±2.96a
N2	1.86±0.08b	2.13±0.01b	2.32±0.03ab	42.07±3.92ab	53.56±3.07b	53.12±4.18b
N3	1.83±0.02b	2.26±0.15b	2.56±0.14b	43.23±7.65ab	60.32±1.35bc	53.7±3.58bc
N4	1.85±0.02b	2.19±0.02b	2.44±0.04b	45.61±8.60ab	63.95±3.71bd	52.18±6.94b
N5	1.97±0.04b	2.17±0.14b	2.42±0.03b	57.18±9.41b	68.64±0.43cd	67.03±1.78c
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示各数值之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。下表同。

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表 3 T1时期各指标之间相关性

Table 3 Correlation among all indices in T1

相关性	施沼量	株高	产量	硝态氮	铵态氮	脲酶	蛋白酶	谷氨酰胺酶	天冬酰胺酶
施沼量	1	0.631^*	0.639^*	0.687^**	0.285	0.383	-0.096	-0.460	-0.161
株高		1	0.752^**	0.631^*	-0.012	0.606^*	0.284	-0.068	0.414
产量			1	0.794^**	0.156	0.441	134	0.034	0.217
硝态氮				1	0.184	0.154	-0.048	-0.027	0.087
铵态氮			0		1	-0.119	0.039	-0.396	-0.327
脲酶			0			1	0.134	0.132	0.419
蛋白酶							1	0.373	0.419
谷氨酰胺酶								1	0.657^**
天冬酰胺酶									1
注：在0.05水平(双侧) 上显著相关；*在0.01水平(双侧) 上显著相关，下表同。

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表 4 T2和T3时期各指标之间相关性

Table 4 Correlation among all indices in T2 and T3

相关性	T2					T3
相关性	施沼量	株高	产量	硝态氮	铵态氮	施沼量	株高	产量	硝态氮	铵态氮
施沼量	1	0.611^*	0.846^**	0.827^**	-0.451	1	0.531^*	0.769^**	0.783^**	0.874^**
株高		1	0.701^**	0.304	-0.351		1	0.457	0.281	0.315
产量			1	0.655^**	-0.509			1	0.738^**	0.572^*
硝态氮				1	-0.298				1	0.752^**
铵态氮					1					1

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