Abstract: Soil samples from selected locations at tobacco fields in Sanming, Fujian were collected for a study on the effects on the fertility, physical properties, and microbes in the soil after a land consolidation. The results showed that the contents of labile organic matters and available N, P and K, as well as active Pb and Cr, decreased significantly after the consolidation. The contents of labile organic matters and available Cu and Zn in the soil were rejuvenated to their original levels followed by a rice planting. The contents of available N, P and Fe would recover after two years with a rice and a tobacco planting. Available K increased largely after a season of tobacco planting, while active Pb and Cr took one rice planting for a recovery. The microbial population and diversity index of the soil decreased upon a land consolidation. The count on bacteria recuperated in a year; but, for fungi and actinomycetes, their numbers did not recover in 3 years. The percentage of the moisture-holding-aggregates in the soil decreased significantly, particularly for those with a diameter of 1 mm or larger but not for the smaller ones. The bulk density of the soil significantly increased, while the maximum moisture capacity and other physical characteristics decreased. In conclusion, after a land consolidation timely and adequate adjustments on the soil should be implemented to ensure a healthy recovery of the field for future planting.