Abstract: The soil collected from 6 types of vegetation inclued Podocarpus macrophyllus, Yulania denudate, Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum', Camellia japonica, Armeniaca mume, Nageia nagi were studied and their soil physical and chemical properties were analyzed, in order to study the distribution characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties during the restoration process of ecosystem in eroded red soil region. The results showed that (1) Soil bulk density had a significant or extremely significant level of negative correlation with maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, minimum field water holding capacity, non-capillary pores and total pores. Camellia japonica had the largest bulk density, poor soil porosity and water holding capacity, and the soil bulk density of Armeniaca mume and Nageia nagi cypress was small, and the soil pore and water holding capacity were better. (2) The soil pH ranged from 4.60 to 5.20, which was acidic. Nageia nagi soil had the lowest pH and the strongest acidity. The 0-20 cm soil layer of Armeniaca mume had the highest pH and the weak acidity. (3) The vegetation had an effect on the accumulation of soil nutrients. The soil organic matter content decreased with the increase of soil depth, and the range was 2.27-20.02 g·kg^-1. There was a significant positive correlation between total nitrogen and organic matter content. Yulania denudata soil showed higher phosphorus content, and available potassium was mainly concentrated in surface soil. (4) Analysis of soil comprehensive fertility index values showed that the soil quality collected from Yulania denudata was the highest, and the recovery effect was also the best. The physical and chemical properties of soil collected from 6 types of vegetation showed obvious differences. Yulania denudata was the dominant vegetation variety to improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility.