Abstract: Major agronomic traits and genetic characteristics of the new Auricularia auricula-judae variety, Nan'er No. 1, were compared with those of Xinke No. 1, Xinke No. 5 and Au 139. The mycelial antagonistic property and growth rate as well as the morphology and molecular markers of the mushrooms were studied. The results showed that there was significant antagonism in mycelium between Nan'er No.1 and the local varieties. The mycelial growth rate of Nan'er No. 1 was slower with a yield 12.7%, 13.3% and 19.6% greater than Xinke No. 1, Xinke No. 5 and Au 139, respectively. The reddish-brown color on the back of the fresh pileus and the blueish-brown tint on that of the dried pileus of Nan'er No. 1 distinctively differed from the dark-brown and grayish-black of the other varieties. The genetic similarity coefficients of Nan'er No. 1 with Xinke No. 1, Xinke No. 5 and Au 139 were determined to be 0.303, 0.409 and 0.197, respectively.