红蓝光源茶园夜间补光对春茶产量、品质的影响

王加真; 张昕昱; 金星; 黄家春; 陈莹莹

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.01.008

红蓝光源茶园夜间补光对春茶产量、品质的影响

Effects of Red and Blue LED Light at Night on Growth and Leaf Quality of Tea Plants

摘要

摘要:
目的探索红蓝LED光源补光对贵州茶区春茶产量和品质的影响，为春茶高品质栽培提供理论依据。
方法通过随机区组试验，设夜间不补光（CK）、LED1（红蓝光质比0.81）补光、LED2（红蓝光质比1.65）补光和LED3（红蓝光质比2.10）补光等4种处理，于茶树新梢开始生长时进行不同光源补光处理（21d），研究不同光源补光对春季茶树芽叶生长和品质的影响。
结果不同补光处理均能促进茶树芽叶生长及提高茶叶品质，不同红蓝光质比表现不同，其中以蓝光占比最大的LED1处理（红蓝光质比0.81）的补光效果最好，与不补光（对照）相比，可显著增加单芽和一芽二叶的芽头数量（47.4%和74.89%）、重量（12.36%和41.56%）；显著增加一芽一叶和一芽二叶的总叶绿素（25.61%和12.61%）、多酚（23.42%和23.29%）和游离氨基酸含量（32.23%和29.38%），降低酚氨比（-8%和-11.1%）。
结论早春低温弱光环境下的茶园应用红蓝光质比为0.81的LED灯进行补光，可延长茶树光合作用时间，提高光合效率，实现高产优质。

Abstract:
Objective Effects of red and blue LEDs applied at night in early spring on the growth and tea quality of Qianmei 601 (Camellia sinensis) were studied for the application at plantations in Guizhou.
Method Red and blue LEDs at a ratio of 0.81, 1.65 or 2.1 were shone on the tea plants at night for 21 days at a plantation for the experimentation.
Result The lighting promoted the bud and leave growth and improved the tea quality. Different red-to-blue light ratios produced different results. The treatment with a 0.81 ratio significantly increased the fresh leaf weight, bud density, total chlorophylls, total polyphenols, and free amino acids in the leaves and decreased the polyphenols/amino acids ratio as compared to control that grew under natural conditions.
Conclusion Supplementing light at night with red and blue LEDs at 0.81 ratio on tea plants in early spring when the sunlight and temperature are relatively low appeared beneficial for the biomass buildup and quality improvement.

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