不同类型肥料对油茶林地土壤氮库的影响

王建伟; 刘少敏; 罗汉东; 朱丛飞; 郭晓敏; 牛德奎; 胡冬南; 李碧霞

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.05.015

不同类型肥料对油茶林地土壤氮库的影响

Effects of Fertilizer Type on Nitrogen in Plantation Soil and Camellia oleifera Plants

摘要

摘要:
目的加强对集约经营油茶林科学、有效的施肥管理，提高林地内养分含量，增加油茶产量。
方法通过试验设置对照（CK）、农用复合肥（NFF）、专用复合肥（ZFF）、专用有机肥（ZYJ）4个处理，探究施用不同类型肥料对油茶林地土壤氮库和油茶产量的影响。
结果不同类型肥料的施用对油茶林地土壤氮库中的全氮含量、碱解氮含量、硝态氮与铵态氮含量、可溶性有机氮含量和微生物量氮含量均产生了显著的影响。不同类型肥料对叶片氮含量和鲜果产量也产生了显著的影响。不同类型肥料对油茶林地硝态氮含量的影响，农用复合肥的效果最佳；而对油茶林地其他氮素含量的影响，专用有机肥的效果最好；对油茶叶片全氮含量和鲜果产量的影响，专用有机肥的效果最好。三种不同类型肥中专用有机肥对油茶林地土壤氮素含量的增加效果最为显著，同时对油茶鲜果产量的提高最多。通过相关性分析，土壤全氮和叶片全氮之间存在极显著正相关，与油茶鲜果产量之间存在显著正相关；叶片全氮和鲜果产量之间存在显著正相关。
结论在油茶林地施肥类型选择上推荐ZYJ。

Abstract:
Objective To effectively manage nitrogen (N) fertilization for oil tea camellia (Camellia. Oleifera) plantations, various fertilizer types were evaluated.
Method In addition to control (CK), the agricultural compounded fertilizer (NFF), specially compounded fertilizer (ZFF), and specially compounded organic fertilizer (ZYJ) were applied on plantation land to study the N utilization by the plants and the N pool in the soil.
Result The fertilizers performed significantly different on the content of total N (TN), alkali-hydrolyzable N (AN), NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, dissolved organic N (DON), and microbial N (MBN) in soil, as well as on the N content in leaves and the yield of fresh fruits.Among the fertilizers, NFF was found to deliver the best result on NH₄⁺-N in soil, while ZYJ on TN, leaf TN, and fruit yield as well as the soil N. Significant correlations among soil N, leaf TN, and fruit yield were observed.
Conclusion Therefore, ZYJ seemed most desirable for the fertilization at C. oleifera plantations.

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