日粮营养水平对育肥苏姜猪血清生化指标和肉质相关基因的影响

周根来; 陶勇; 倪黎纲; 任善茂; 徐盼; 殷洁鑫; 张君胜; 周春宝; 赵旭庭

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.06.007

日粮营养水平对育肥苏姜猪血清生化指标和肉质相关基因的影响

Serum Biochemistry and Expression of Carcass Trait-related Gene of Sujiang Pigs as Affected by Dietary Makeup at Final Growth Stage

摘要

摘要:
目的研究日粮不同消化能（DE）、粗蛋白（CP）和粗纤维（CF）水平对育肥阶段苏姜猪血清生化指标和肉质相关基因的影响。
方法选用162头体重（50.49±4.78）kg的苏姜猪，设定不同DE（11.64、12.24、12.84 MJ·kg^-1）、CP（12%、13%、14%）及CF（5%、8%、11%）水平，采用L₉（3⁴）正交试验设计，设置9组日粮处理，每组3个重复，每个重复6头（公母各半）。预饲期7 d，试验期42 d。
结果（1）血清生化指标：12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE组总蛋白含量显著高于11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE组（P < 0.05）；12.84 MJ·kg^-1DE组球蛋白含量均极显著高于11.64、12.24 MJ·kg^-1 DE组（P < 0.01）；8%、11% CF组尿氮含量分别极显著（P < 0.01）、显著（P < 0.05）高于5% CF组；13%、14%两CP组总胆固醇含量极显著低于12% CP组（P < 0.01），14% CP组甘油三酯含量极显著低于12% CP组（P < 0.01）；11% CF组葡萄糖含量极显著低于5% CF组（P < 0.01），12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE组肌酐含量显著低于11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE组（P < 0.05）。（2）血清激素及酶活：12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE组血清胰岛素水平显著高于11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE组（P < 0.05），11% CF组血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸含量显著低于5% CF组（P < 0.05）。日粮营养水平对试验猪血清中各酶活没有显著影响（P>0.05）。（3）肉质相关基因：11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE组背最长肌H-FABP、PRAKG3基因的表达量显著高于12.24、12.84 MJ·kg^-1两DE组（P < 0.05），HSL基因表达量极显著高于12.24、12.84 MJ·kg^-1两DE组（P < 0.01）；日粮CP和CF水平对试验猪各基因表达均没有显著影响（P>0.05）。
结论日粮中不同DE、CP和CF水平可通过调控血清生化指标和肉质相关基因表达影响育肥苏姜猪的生长发育，育肥苏姜猪适宜的DE、CP和CF水平分别为12.84 MJ·kg^-1、12%、11%。

Abstract:
Objective Effects of diet composition on growth performance, serum biochemistry and carcass trait-related gene expression of Sujiang pigs at final stage prior to slaughtering were investigated.
Method Randomly selected 162 Sujiang pigs with a body weight of (50.49±4.78)kg were divided in 9 groups with 3 replicates per group and 6 pigs per replicate (half male and half female) for the study. The diets used in the L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment were varied with 3 levels of digestible energy (DE) at 11.64, 12.24, and 12.84 MJ·kg^-1, 3 levels of crude protein (CP) at 12%, 13%, and 14%, and 3 levels of crude fiber (CF) at 5%, 8%, and 11%. A pre-feeding period lasted 7 d followed by 42-d-feeding before sampling for serum analysis on the pigs.
Result (1) The TP content in the 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE group was significantly higher than that in the 11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE group (P < 0.05), and GLB in the 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE groups were significantly higher than those in the 11.64 and 12.24 MJ·kg^-1 DE groups (P < 0.01). UN in the 8% CF and the 11% CF groups were extremely significantly (P < 0.01) and significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the 5% CF group. TC in the 14% CP groups were significantly lower than that in the 12% CP group (P < 0.01), and TG in the 14% CP group was significantly lower than that in the 12% CP group (P < 0.01). Glu in the 11% CF group was significantly lower than that in the 5% CF group (P < 0.01), and CREA in the 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE group was significantly lower than that in the 11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE group (P < 0.05). (2) The serum insulin in the 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE group was significantly higher than that in the 11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE group (P < 0.05). Serum T3 in the 11% CF group was significantly lower than that in the 5% CF group (P < 0.05). However, the dietary nutrition showed no significant effect on serum enzyme activities in the pigs (P>0.05). (3) The expressions of H-FABP and PRAKG3 genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of the 11.64 MJ·kg^-1 DE group were significantly higher than those in the muscle of the 12.24 and 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE groups (P < 0.05), while that of HSL gene was significantly higher than those of 12.24 and 12.84 MJ·kg^-1 DE groups (P < 0.01). The dietary CP or CF induced no significant effect on the expression of the genes in the pigs (P>0.05).
Conclusion Dietary DE, CP and CF affected the growth and development of Sujiang pigs at the final fattening stage through regulating the serum biochemistry and carcass trait-related gene expression of the animals. It appeared that a provision of DE at 12.84 MJ·kg^-1, CP at 12%, and CF at 11% in the forage was appropriate for the pigs in that stage.

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