解淀粉芽孢杆菌液体肥在茶叶上的应用研究

林斌; 黄菊青; 官雪芳; 郑炎; 徐庆贤; 王琦; 钱蕾; 郑怡; 张臣心; 汤铜华; 赵孟涛

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2019.10.009

解淀粉芽孢杆菌液体肥在茶叶上的应用研究

Application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Liquid Fertilizer on Tea Bushes

摘要

摘要:
目的考察解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens液体肥W208YF施用对铁观音乌龙茶产量、品质和茶园土壤相关指标的影响。
方法采用田间小区试验，设W208YF（解淀粉芽孢杆菌液体肥，菌液浓度为4.00×10⁶ cfu·mL⁻¹，使用量100 L·hm⁻²）和等量清水对照（CK）2个处理，重复4次，进行差异性比较。
结果 W208YF处理的茶叶产量、水浸出物含量和游离氨基酸总量较CK均显著增加，增幅分别为11.10%、10.60%和8.10%，而茶叶咖啡碱含量则显著下降，降幅为24.30%；同时，W208YF的茶园土壤肥力（全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质和腐殖酸含量）及微生物多样性指数（Shannon、Simpson指数及β多样性）均明显优于CK。
结论施用解淀粉芽孢杆菌液体肥W208YF能够明显提升茶园土壤肥力及微生物群落多样性，并显著提高茶叶产量和品质。

Abstract:
Objective Effects of a bacterial liquid fertilizer on the yield and quality of tea bushes as well as the fertility of soil at the plantation were studied.
Methods The Tieguanyin bushes in a plot at a tea plantation were fertilized with W208YF, a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid fertilizer, to compare with water as control (CK) for the experimentation. The treatment group was applied at a rate of 100 L·hm⁻² with 4.00×10⁶ cfu·mL⁻¹ concentration of W208YF. Tea yield and quality at harvest and fertility and microbial diversity of the plantation soil were determined.
Results The yield, water extracts, and free amino acids of the tea from the treatment group were significantly higher than those of CK. Specifically, the yield increased 11.10%, the water soluble 10.60%, and the free amino acid content 8.10% over CK. On the other hand, the caffeine of W208YF-fertilized tea was significantly lower by 24.30% than that of CK. The fertility (i.e., total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matters, and humic acid), microbial diversity Shannon and Simpson indices, and β diversity of the fertilized soil were significantly increased as compared with CK.
Conclusion Application of W208YF liquid fertilizer significantly improved the tea yield and quality as well as the plantation soil fertility and microbial diversity.

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