Abstract: Camellia oleifera is a crop for food oil in China that constitutes an important part of the economic vegetation and bio-energy source in the southern regions. Being only moderate drought-resistant, C. oleifera can be vulnerable to the stress of water deprivation, especially during its growing and developing periods. The ill-effects brought about by the stress may include growth retardation and yield decline resulting in financial losses to the farmers. Consequently, studies to understand and mitigate the stress-induced hazard is of interest to the scientists and agricultural professionals. This article summarizes the publications on the mechanisms involving C. oleifera in dealing with drought-stress. The morphological adjustments, physiology responses, and drought relief of the plants and the measures current available and under study for the stress alleviation as well as suggestions for future research are presented.