Improvement effects of straw returning and mixed purple soils on acidic soil and yield & quality of flue-cured tobacco
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摘要:目的 研究秸秆还田和客土技术对植烟酸性白沙泥田的改良效果，为烟叶产质量提升提供有效技术措施。方法 通过田间试验，设置不施用秸秆和紫色土（T1，CK）、仅秸秆还田（T2，3 000 kg·hm−2）、仅掺紫色土（T3，225 m3·hm−2）和秸秆还田（3 000 kg·hm−2）+掺紫色土（225 m3·hm−2）（T4）4个处理，研究水稻秸秆还田和客土对植烟土壤理化性状、烟叶产质量等方面的影响。结果 秸秆还田和客土方式均能改善土壤物理性状，T2和T4处理，土壤容重分别比对照降低了6.38%和2.12%；土壤质地由黏壤土（CK）转变为壤土（T2）和粉砂壤土（T3、T4）。与T1处理相比，T2处理显著提升了土壤pH值、有机质和碱解氮含量；T3处理的pH和速效钾含量分别比T1处理增加了1.43和19.98 mg·kg−1；对土壤化学性状的改良效果以T4处理最好，其植烟土壤pH值、有机质和速效钾含量分别是T1处理的1.21、1.26和1.28倍（p＜0.05）。秸秆还田和客土方式都促进了烟草生长，提高了烤烟经济效益和品质，以秸秆还田+掺紫色土处理（T4）烟叶的经济性状、C3F等级烟叶的化学成分协调性和感官评价质量最优，烤烟产量、产值和上等烟比例分别比T1处理提高了35.04%、20.64%和38.59%。结论 秸秆还田+掺紫色土协同处理改良酸性植烟土壤效果最好，可以有效改善土壤物理性状，显著提高土壤pH值、有机质及速效钾含量，从而实现酸性白沙泥田的改良和烟草的提质增效效果。Abstract:Objective Improvement effects of straw returning and mixed purple soils was studied to form efficient remediation technology of sandy acid soil and yield & quality of flue-cured tobacco.Method Field experiments were conducted to find the effects of the straw returning and mixed purple soils on physicochemical properties of soil, yield & quality of flue-cured tobacco, which were: no straw and purple soils added as control (T1,CK), straw returning (T2, 3 000 kg·hm−2), mixed purple soils (T3,225 m3·hm−2), straw returning (3 000 kg·hm−2)+ mixed purple soils (225 m3·hm−2) (T4).Result Treatments of straw returning and mixed purple soils could improve the soil physical properties. Compared with CK, the soil bulk density were decreased by 6.38%, 2.12 % for T2 and T4,while the soil particle size composition transformed from clayey loam (CK) to loam (T2), silty loam (T3 and T4). Compared with CK, the soil pH, organic matter and Avail. N were significantly improved by T2; the soil pH and available potassium were increased by 1.43 and 19.98 mg·kg−1, respectively. The remarkable improvement of chemical properties of soil was T4, which the pH value, organic matter and available potassium content of tobacco planting soil were 1.21, 1.26 and 1.28 times higher than those of T1 (CK), respectively. Treatments of straw returning and mixed purple soils even could promote the growth of tobacco, improve the economic benefits and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The best effect on economic characteristics of tobacco, chemical composition coordination and sensory evaluation quality in grade C3F of flue-cured tobacco leaves was T4, the yield, output and the proportion of high quality of which increased by 35.04 %, 20.64 % and 38.59 % ,respectively.Conclusion The best improvement effects of acid soil was straw returning (3 000 kg·hm−2) cooperated with mixed purple soils (225 m3·hm−2). It can effectively improve the physical properties, pH value, organic matter and available potassium content of soil, then achieve economic returns from both sides of tobacco leaves’ yield & quality and the sustainable remediation of sandy acid soil.
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Keywords:
- straw returning /
- mixed purple soil /
- remediation of acid soil /
- tobacco quality
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图 1 不同处理对植烟土壤容重和颗粒组成的影响
注：同一图中不同小写字母表示数据存在5%显著差异（p＜0.05）。
Figure 1. The soil bulk density and particle size composition affected by different amendments
Note: The different letter in the same figure means significant at 5%.
表 1 不同处理对土壤化学性质的影响
Table 1 Effects of different amendments on soil physical and chemical properties
处理
TreatmentpH 有机质
Organic matter/g·kg−1碱解氮
Avail. N/mg·kg−1速效磷
Avail. P/mg·kg−1速效钾
Avail. K/mg·kg−1T1（CK） 5.52 c 21.23 b 118.40 b 31.01 a 70.05 b T2 5.83 b 28.75 a 125.14 a 29.04 a 67.32 b T3 6.95 a 17.95 c 114.65 b 25.20 b 82.51 a T4 6.71 a 26.83 a 116.15 b 28.49 a 90.03 a 注：数值后面不同小写字母表示同列数据存在5%显著差异（p＜0.05）。表2～4同。
Note: The different letter in a line means significant at 5%.The same as Fig.2-4.
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表 2 不同处理对烟株农艺性状的影响
Table 2 Effects of different amendments on agronomic characters of tobacco plants
处理
Treatment株高
Plant height/cm有效叶片数
Effective leaf numbers茎围
Stem girth/cm节距
Internode length/cm最大叶长
Maximum leaf length/cm最大叶宽
Maximum leaf width/cmT1（CK） 113.8 c 21.8 a 8.3 b 4.4 b 66.2 b 28.6 b T2 117.4 b 21.6 a 8.6 a 4.8 a 70.4 a 30.1 b T3 118.8 b 21.5 a 8.8 a 4.5 b 64.7 b 28.4 b T4 124.4 a 22.0 a 9.0 a 4.8 a 69.5 a 32.1 a
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表 3 不同处理对烤烟经济性状的影响
Table 3 Effects of different amendments on economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco
处理
Treatment上等烟
High quality/%中等烟
Middle quality/%产量
Yield/kg·hm−2产值
Output/元·hm−2T1（CK） 38.40 c 48.89 a 1 862.5 c 41 793.1 c T2 48.71 ab 48.35 a 2 382.1 b 48 278.5 ab T3 44.09 b 47.23 a 2 350.6 b 46 938.3 b T4 53.22 a 44.08 a 2 515.1 a 50 418.6 a
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表 4 不同处理对烤烟C3F（中部叶）等级叶片化学特性的影响
Table 4 Effects of different amendments on chemical properties of flue-cured tobacco leaves in grade C3F
处理
Treatment总糖
Total sugar/%还原糖
Reducing sugar/%烟碱
Nicotine/%总氮
Total N/%钾
K/%氯
Cl/%糖碱比
Total sugar/Nicotine氮碱比
Total N/NicotineT1（CK） 20.5 b 16.5 b 2.97 a 2.46 a 2.33 b 0.62 a 6.90 c 0.83 a T2 22.2 a 18.3 a 2.60 b 2.30 a 2.29 b 0.56 a 8.54 b 0.88 a T3 24.2 a 18.6 a 2.81 a 2.02 b 2.61 a 0.51 a 8.61 b 0.72 b T4 23.7 a 19.4 a 2.49 b 2.38 a 2.65 a 0.58 a 9.52 a 0.96 a
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表 5 不同处理对烤烟C3F（中部叶）等级叶片感官质量的影响
Table 5 Effects of different amendments on sensory qualities of flue-cured tobacco leaves in grade C3F
处理
Treatment香气质
Aroma quality香气量
Aroma concentration余味
Aftertaste杂气
Impurity刺激性
Irritation燃烧性
Combustion灰色
Ash总得分
Total scoreT1（CK） 11.00 15.67 18.83 12.75 8.75 3.08 3.00 73.08 T2 11.33 15.92 19.33 13.17 8.92 3.08 3.00 74.75 T3 11.08 15.75 19.08 12.92 8.83 3.08 3.00 73.74 T4 11.50 15.92 19.58 13.42 8.92 3.08 3.00 75.42
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