Changes and Classification on Leaf Color of Ornamental Crabapple
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摘要:目的 探究不同观赏海棠品种的叶色变化规律，并对其叶色进行分类研究，为彩叶种质资源的挖掘提供参考。方法 以42份观赏海棠样本为试验材料，利用色差仪和光谱仪对其叶片的叶色参数及色素含量进行测定。结果 ①基于7～9月份叶色参数亮度（L*）、饱和度（C*）、色调角（h*）在CIELCH色空间的分布，发现7月份整体位点较为分散，8月份出现分层，9月份整体位点集中且偏左移。②7月份生长植株叶色的聚类分析结果，将42个观赏海棠样本分为A类群（L*：28.95～32.63、C*：12.32～14.60）、B类群（L*：26.98～32.11、C*：9.09～13.39）、C类群（L*：32.10～35.22、C*：14.33～18.01）；3个类群的亮度和饱和度存在显著差异，C＞A＞B，C类群的亮度和饱和度均显著高于其他类群，叶片色彩明亮饱满，故C类群归为亮绿色系。③对色素相对含量的分析结果表明，叶绿素含量B类群（4.285%）显著高于A类群（3.786%）和C类群（3.785%），绿色更深，但其亮度和饱和度低，故B类群归为深绿色系；A类群各项指标居中，归为绿色系。结论 亮绿色系的9份样本在试验期内颜色表达效果最好，观叶利用价值最大。Abstract:Objective Changes and classification on leaf color of various varieties of ornamental crabapple were studied to facilitate the germplasm collection and utilization.Method Color values and pigment content of leaves on 42 specimens of ornamental crabapple (Malus spp.) were determined using chromometer and spectrometer.Result ① The distributions of the CIELCH color space measurements on luminance (L*), color saturation (C*), and hue (h*) of the leaves from July to September showed it to be relatively scattered in July, stratified in August, and shifting to the left on the values in September. ② The leaf color in July clustered the 42 crabapple varieties into Group A with the ranges of L*=28.95−32.63 and C*=12.32−14.60; Group B, L*=26.98−32.11 and C*=9.09−13.39; and, Group C, L*=32.10−35.22 and C*=14.33−18.01. L* and C* of these 3 groups differed significantly in the order of C＞A＞B. Trees in Group C appeared bright and full in color and were classified as bright green varieties. ③ The relative pigment (chlorophyll) content in leaves of Group B was 4.285%, which was significantly higher than that of Group A at 3.786% and Group C at 3.785%. With the deep green color and low L* and C*, Group B was named the dark green varieties, while Group A was simply termed green varieties.Conclusion The 9 ornamental crabapple varieties in Group C were judged to have the highest potential commercial value among all in the season.
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图 1 不同月份叶色CIELCH空间变化
Figure 1. Changes on CIELCH color space of crabapple leaves from July to September
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图 2 不同月份叶色参数频率分布
Figure 2. Frequency distribution of leaf color from July to September
表 1 各类群色彩参数统计与分析
Table 1 Statistics and analysis on leaf color in classified groups
类群
TaxaL*：亮度
LuminanceC*：饱和度
Color saturationh*：色调角
Hue angle/°A 31.160±1.350 b 13.057±0.638 b 118.239±1.461 b B 29.986±1.584 c 11.325±1.113 c 121.558±0.878 a C 33.719±0.976 a 15.646±1.381 a 118.034±1.360 b 注：数值表示为：平均值±标准差；同列数据后无相同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。表2同。
Note: Values presented as mean±standard deviation. Data with lowercase letters indicate significance at p＜0.05.
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表 2 各色系色素相对含量
Table 2 Relative pigment contents in classified groups
类群 Taxa 花青素 Anth/% 叶绿素 Chl/% 类胡萝卜素 Car/% 花青素/叶绿素 Anth/Chl A 0.377±0.149 b 3.786±0.450 b 1.846±0.535 a 0.101±0.042 a B 0.517±0.189 a 4.285±0.625 a 2.037±0.587 a 0.122±0.046 a C 0.428±0.194 ab 3.785±0.652 b 2.222±0.738 a 0.113±0.048 a
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