澳洲茶树不同部位精油含量及成分比较分析

肖玉菲; 覃子海; 张烨; 张晓宁; 陈博雯; 梁忠云; 覃玉凤; 晏巢; 刘海龙

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.09.006

澳洲茶树不同部位精油含量及成分比较分析

Essential Oils in Parts of Melaleuca alternifolia Plant

摘要

摘要:
目的比较分析澳洲茶树4个不同部位（嫩叶、老叶、枝条和茎干）精油的化学成分及含量，同时提取其中的代表性化学成分，为澳洲茶树精油组分简化分析和进一步开发利用提供数据支撑和理论指导。
方法精油化学成分及含量的测定采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术，代表性化学成分提取采用主成分分析法（PCA）。
结果本研究澳洲茶树属于4-松油醇型。不同部位化学成分和含量差异显著，尤其表现在茎干与其他3个部位之间，其得油率、4-松油醇和1,8桉叶素含量与其他3个部位差异显著，主成分分析表明β-水芹烯、白千层烯、白千层醇、香橙烯、对花伞烃、γ-松油烯、4-松油醇、α-侧柏烯、α-蒎烯、蓝桉醇、α-松油醇、1,8-桉叶素、柠檬烯等13种化学成分是澳洲茶树精油的代表性成分。
结论为提高得油率和精油品质，应选择嫩叶、老叶和枝条作为原材料进行提油，在进行澳洲茶树精油成分含量差异分析时，为简化分析内容，可选取这13种化学成分作为代表性特征化学成分，基本可以代表精油化学成分的信息。

Abstract:
Objective Essential oils in various tissues of Melaleuca alternifolia were analyzed for data organization and utilization of the plants.
Method GC-MS was employed to determine the essential oil compositions in the young shoots, old leaves, branches, and stems of the terpinen-4-ol-type M. alternifolia plants for a principal component analysis.
Result The essential oils in different parts of the plant differed significantly. In particular, the contents of terpinen-4-ol and1,8-cineole in the stems were significantly different from those in the other parts. The principal component analysis showed that β-phellanderene, viridiflorene, viridiflorol, aromadendrene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, α-thujene, α-pinene, globulol, α-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, and limonene basically characterized the essential oils in M. alternifolia.
Conclusion To maximize the yield and quality of the essential oil extraction, stems ought not to be used as the raw material for the production. To determine the essential oil content of M. alternifolia, only the 13 abovementioned compounds were necessary to simplify the analysis.

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