老鹳草乙醇提取物中黄酮类化合物和挥发性组分及其抗菌活性

李宇; 刘海华; 刘翠君; 由金文; 赵仁君; 石爱华; 何美军

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2020.12.014

老鹳草乙醇提取物中黄酮类化合物和挥发性组分及其抗菌活性

Volatiles, Flavonoids, and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol-extract from Geranium wilfordii

摘要

摘要:
目的研究老鹳草乙醇提取物对12株临床致病菌的抑菌活性，为开发新型植物来源的抗生素提供重要的参考。
方法以老鹳草全草乙醇提取物为研究对象，运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪、高效液相色谱仪研究其化学成分；运用滤纸片法测试12株临床致病菌的抑菌活性。
结果从老鹳草乙醇提取物中鉴定出：18个挥发性组分包括脂肪烃、脂肪酸和生物碱，3个黄酮化合物杨梅苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖、花旗松素。老鹳草乙醇提取物对粪链球菌（MIC 1.0 mg·mL⁻¹）、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MIC 1.0 mg·mL⁻¹）、大肠杆菌（MIC 1.0 mg·mL⁻¹）及鲍曼不动杆菌（MIC 2.0 mg·mL⁻¹）有高敏抑制活性。
结论恩施地区老鹳草乙醇提取物主要分挥发性组分为脂肪烃、脂肪酸、生物碱；含有杨梅苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖、花旗松素3个黄酮类化合物；对常见临床致病菌具有优良抗菌活性和较广的抗菌谱覆盖面。

Abstract:
Objective Antibacterial activity and mechanism of the ethanol-extract of Geranium wilfordii Maxim on clinical pathogens were studied for development of a natural antibiotic.
Method The chemical compositions of the extract were analyzed by GC-MS and HPC. The filter paper method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of the extract against 12 clinical samples of the resistant bacteria.
Result GC-MS detected 18 volatile substances, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and alkaloids (1.15%). The 3 flavonoid compounds identified were myricitrin, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose, and taxifolin. High antibacterial activities against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC 1.0 mg·mL⁻¹), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 1.0 mg·mL⁻¹), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 1.0 mg·mL⁻¹), and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 29212 (MIC 2.0 mg·mL⁻¹) of the extract were observed.
Conclusion In the G. wilfordii ethanol-extract, aliphatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, and alkaloids were the major volatiles, and myricitrin, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucose, and taxifolin the 3 substantial flavonoid compounds found. The extract demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity with wide spectrum against the commonly known clinical pathogens.

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