红豆杉属两种植物响应模拟酸雨胁迫的生理表现

李玲丽; 李文杰; 张银; 李梦希; 孙兵; 费永俊

doi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2021.06.006

红豆杉属两种植物响应模拟酸雨胁迫的生理表现

Physiological Responses of Two Varieties of Taxus Plants to Simulated Acid Rain Stress

摘要

摘要:
目的筛选红豆杉属植物中对酸雨胁迫耐受性较强的物种，为酸雨灾害地区红豆杉属植物的资源保存及应用提供理论依据。
方法以2年生红豆杉（Taxus chinensis）和云南红豆杉（Taxus yunnanensis）幼苗为试验材料，以pH值5.6为对照，设置4个模拟酸雨胁迫处理（pH值分别为4.5、4.0、3.5、3.0），探讨酸雨胁迫对2种植物幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、丙二醛含量和有机渗透调节物质含量的影响。
结果随着酸雨酸度的增加，2种植物叶片抗氧化酶（APX、PPO、SOD、POD和CAT）活性和有机渗透调节物质（可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖）含量整体呈先上升后下降的趋势，丙二醛（MDA）含量呈上升趋势，叶绿素（CHL）含量和类胡萝卜素（CAR）含量呈下降趋势。
结论红豆杉和云南红豆杉对轻度酸雨均具有一定的耐受性，但云南红豆杉对模拟酸雨的耐受性比红豆杉强，其中红豆杉对pH 4.5的模拟酸雨耐受性最好，云南红豆杉对pH 4.0的模拟酸雨耐受性最好，但pH 3.0的重度酸雨会严重影响2种植物的各项生理指标，抑制其生长。

Abstract:
Objective Physiological responses to imposed simulated acid rain treatment were analyzed to determine the stress tolerance of two varieties of Taxus plants.
Method Two-year-oldTaxus chinensis and T. yunnanensis, which are known to be resistant to acid rain, were treated by solutions of pH 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, and 3.0. Antioxidant enzyme activities and contents of chlorophyll (CHL), carotenoids (CAR), nutrients, malondialdehyde (MDA), and osmotic adjustment soluble proteins (SP) and sugars (SS) in leaves of the plants under treatments and control at pH 5.6 were measured.
Result The activities of APX, PPO, SOD, POD, and CAT as well as the contents of SP and SS of the plants increased and followed by a decline, while MDA increased and CHL and CAR decreased as the treatment acidity increased. The stress tolerance of the two species differed, as T. chinensis peaked at pH 4.5 and T. yunnanensis at pH 4.0. However, neither of them could withstand pH 3.0 treatment without severe ill-effects physiologically.
Conclusion In the simulated acid rain test, T. yunnanensis appeared to be more tolerant to the imposed stress than did T. chinensis.

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