• 中文核心期刊
  • CSCD来源期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • CA、CABI、ZR收录期刊

罗汉果土传病害拮抗细菌的筛选及鉴定

Antagonistic Bacteria against Soil-borne Diseases on Siraitia grosvenorii

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  从罗汉果根际土壤中筛选分离出对白绢病(southern blight)与根腐病(root rot)有抑制作用的拮抗细菌，为罗汉果土传病害生物防治提供合适菌株。
      方法  采用稀释涂布法和划线法从罗汉果果园土壤中分离纯化出拮抗细菌114株。随后对分离出的拮抗细菌采用平板对峙法进行抑菌活性筛选。通过16S rDNA序列分析，结合菌落形态特征，生理生化特征对菌株进行鉴定。
      结果  22株细菌对至少1种罗汉果土传病原真菌表现出不同程度的抑制作用。其中5株细菌即TYX-2、TYX-3、TYX-4、TYX-7和TYX-8对根腐病与白绢病抑制作用最为明显，对罗汉果根腐病菌的抑制率分别为67.53%、57.50%、64.17%、60.00%和66.67%。对罗汉果白绢病菌的抑制率分别为83.03%、87.58%、53.31%、82.27%和86.67%。经过形态学、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA系统发育树的分析，确定TYX-2、TYX-7和TYX-8为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezia)，TYX-3为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)，TYX-4为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。贝莱斯芽孢杆菌TYX-2、枯草芽孢杆菌TYX-3和解淀粉芽孢杆菌TYX-4发酵液对2种罗汉果病原真菌也有较好的抑制作用，对罗汉果根腐病菌的抑菌率分别为47.83%、48.67%和45.83%，对罗汉果白绢病菌的抑菌率分别为52.00%、50.42%和55.83%。
      结论  分离鉴定出的TYX-2、TYX-3和TYX-4分别为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌，具有较高的生防应用价值，为进一步研制复合生防菌剂，防治罗汉果土传病害奠定理论基础。

     

    Abstract:
      Object  Microbes with potential of being used as biological control agents against the southern blight and root rot diseases on Siraitia grosvenorii were screened and identified from the rhizosphere soil in the field.
      Method  A total of 114 strains of presumably antagonistic microorganisms were isolated from the soil at a S. grosvenorii orchard by means of dilution coating and streaking. The isolates were screened for their antibacterial activity using the plate confrontation method, and subsequently, identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis along with observations on the colony morphology and microbial physiochemical characteristics.
      Result  Twenty-two isolated strains displayed varying degrees of inhibition effect on one or both root rot and southern blight pathogens. They included the bacteria under the coded names of TYX-2, TYX-3, TYX-4, TYX-7, and TYX-8 with inhibition rates on the root rot of 67.53%, 57.50%, 64.17%, 60.00%, and 66.67%, respectively, and on the southern blight with the rates of 83.03%, 87.58%, 53.31%, 82.27%, and 86.67%, respectively. TYX-2, TYX-7, and TYX-8 were identified to be Bacillus velezia, TYX-3 B. subtilis, and TYX-4 B. amyloliquefaciens. The fermentation broths of TYX-2, TYX-3, and TYX-4 also showed significant inhibition rates on the root rot pathogen at 47.83%, 48.67%, and 45.83%, respectively, and 52.00%, 50.42%, and 55.83% on the southern blight.
      Conclusion  The isolated B. velez, B. subtilis, and B. amyloliquefaciens strains displayed significant inhibitory effects on the root rot and southern blight of S. grosvenorii. They could be studied further for a potential application as agents for biocontrol on the diseases.

     

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